Me yasa muke rarrabe tabin hankali da jijiyoyin jiki?

Wadatacce

• Mahimmancin Ilimin Hauka
• Haɗuwa da Kula da Masu Hauka A Cikin Ayyukan Kulawa na Farko

Yayin da ci gaba a cikin ilimin halittu da ilimin halittar jini ya bayyana ƙungiyoyi masu rikitarwa tsakanin tsarin kwakwalwa, aiki, da alamun cututtukan tabin hankali, an sake sabunta kiraye -kirayen don sake sanya tabin hankali a matsayin cuta na tsarin juyayi. An nuna wannan a cikin bayanan jama'a ta sanannun mutane a cikin ilimin tabin hankali na Amurka, kamar ikirarin Thomas Insel cewa cutar tabin hankali cuta ce ta kwakwalwa da shawarar Eric Kandel na haɗaka tabin hankali da jijiyoyin jiki.

Dangantaka tsakanin tabin hankali da ilimin jijiyoyin jiki koyaushe ya kasance mai ban sha'awa da jayayya, kuma waɗannan muhawara da ke kewaye da alaƙar da ke tsakanin cututtukan hankali da jijiyoyin jini ba sabon abu bane. Kusan shekaru ɗari biyu da suka gabata, fitaccen masanin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da likitan ƙwaƙwalwa Wilhelm Griesinger (1845) ya nace cewa “duk cututtukan tabin hankali cututtuka ne na kwakwalwa”, jayayya ce da ta sake bayyana a cikin maganganun kwanan nan kamar na Insel da Kandel.

Ya bambanta, masanin ilimin hauka da masanin kimiyya Karl Jaspers (1913), yana rubutu kusan karni guda bayan Greisinger, ya ba da hujjar cewa "babu wani cikar bege cewa lura da abubuwan mamaki na asibiti, na tarihin rayuwa da sakamakon na iya haifar da halaye ƙungiyoyi waɗanda daga baya za a tabbatar da su a cikin binciken ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ”(shafi na 568).

Jaridar kwanan nan da aka buga a cikin Jaridar Neuropsychiatry da Clinical Neurosciences ya fara, "Yayin da yawancin gabobi ke da ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙwararriyar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayar cuta, tarihi ya kasu kashi biyu a fannoni daban -daban, ilimin jijiyoyin jiki da tabin hankali" (Perez, Keshavan, Scharf, Boes, & Price, 2018, p. 271), yana mai saka ƙwaƙƙwaran matsayi a matsayin mai ilimin halin ƙwaƙwalwa. sana'a da ke magance cututtukan kwakwalwa.

Ina jayayya cewa waɗannan shawarwarin don sake daidaita rashin lafiya na tunanin mutum kamar yadda cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun gini sun dogara ne akan kuskuren rukunin asali kuma rarrabuwa tsakanin ilimin hauka da jijiyoyin jini ba na son rai bane.

Wannan ba musun ba ne jiki, wato, hankali yana wanzu saboda kwakwalwa, kuma na gabatar da cewa yana yiwuwa a yarda lokaci guda cewa hankali aiki ne na kwakwalwa kuma cewa rashin lafiyar hankali ba zai iya rage cutar kwakwalwa ba. Don yin wannan, bari mu fara bincika banbanci tsakanin cututtukan tunani da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki sannan mu kimanta iƙirarin cewa za a iya rage tabin hankali zuwa cututtukan cututtukan kwakwalwa.

Cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki, ta ma'anarsa, cututtuka ne na tsarin tsakiya da na jijiyoyin jiki, kuma ana iya gano su gabaɗaya kan gwajin likita na haƙiƙa, kamar electroencephalography don farfadiya da kuma hoton hoton maganadisu don ƙwayar ƙwayar kwakwalwa. Yawancin cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki na iya zama na gida, ma'ana samu ya wanzu azaman rauni a wani yanki na kwakwalwa ko tsarin juyayi. Duk da yake wasu cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki na iya haifar da alamun tunani, kamar canje -canje a yanayi ko tsinkaye, rashin lafiyar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki ba shi da alaƙa da waɗannan abubuwan rashin lafiyar hankali, kuma suna wanzuwa na biyu ga mummunan tasirin cutar akan tsarin jijiya.

Sabanin haka, cututtukan hankali ko na tabin hankali ana rarrabe su da babban tashin hankali a cikin tunani, ji, ko halayen mutum. The Jagorar Bincike da ƙididdiga na Rashin hankali yana da tsaka -tsaki bisa ka'ida akan sanadin tabin hankali, kuma, duk da ikirarin sabanin haka daga likitocin tabin hankali, tsarin ilimin hauka na Amurka bai taɓa ayyana cutar tabin hankali a matsayin "rashin daidaituwa na sunadarai" ko cutar kwakwalwa ba (duba Pies, 2019).

Duk da cewa an sami ci gaba da yawa a fagen ilimin jijiyoyin jini da ilimin halittar jini wanda ke taimaka mana fahimtar cutar tabin hankali, har yanzu babu wani mai tantance yanayin halittu don kowane cuta ta hankali. A tarihi, an yi la’akari da tabin hankali cututtuka aiki, saboda raunin aikin su, maimakon cututtuka tsarin, wanda ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da aka sani na ɓacin rai. Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka (2013) ta bayyana ɓacin hankali ta wannan hanyar:

Cutar tabin hankali cuta ce da ke haifar da babban tashin hankali na asibiti a cikin sanin mutum, ƙa'idar motsin rai, ko halayyar da ke nuna ɓarna a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam, nazarin halittu, ko ci gaban da ke haifar da aikin hankali. Yawanci tabin hankali yana da alaƙa da babban wahala a cikin zamantakewa, sana'a, ko wasu muhimman ayyuka (shafi na 20).

Mahimmancin Ilimin Hauka

Haɗuwa da Kula da Masu Hauka A Cikin Ayyukan Kulawa na Farko