Cibiyar Brain's White Matter Hubs Take Stage Center

Wadatacce

• Mahimman bayanai
• White Matter yana ɗauke da Saƙo a ciki da Tsakanin Hemispheres na Brain
• Illar Hankalin Lalacewar Yankuna Masu Farin Ciki

Mahimman bayanai

• Farar fata tana tallafawa sadarwa tsakanin yankunan launin toka a duk faɗin kwakwalwa.
• Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya samo ƙungiyoyi tsakanin matakan farar fata da tabin hankali.
• Wani sabon binciken ya nuna cewa lalacewar yankunan fararen abubuwan da ke da alaƙa na iya shafar cognition fiye da lalacewar ƙwayar launin toka.

Farin abu yana kunshe da guntun gatari da aka lulluɓe cikin kwandon kitsen myelin mai launin fari. Yana sauƙaƙe sadarwa tsakanin yankuna daban -daban masu launin toka a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Kodayake ana ɗaukar abu mai launin toka kamar tauraron dutse kuma fararen abu kusan koyaushe yana yin wasa na biyu, tara shaidu yana nuna cewa duka biyun sun cancanci daidai da lissafin kuɗi.

Lokacin da mahaifina marigayi masanin kimiyyar lissafi, Richard Bergland (1932-2007), yake koyar da ni game da gine-ginen kwakwalwa tun yana yaro a shekarun 1970, ya yi kwatankwacin cewa fararen abu yana kama da hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber-optic (wanda aka fara gabatarwa a 1977 ) wanda ya ba wa kamfanoni da yawa damar aika saƙonni tsakanin cibiyoyi daban -daban na "launin toka" a biranen duniya.

White Matter yana ɗauke da Saƙo a ciki da Tsakanin Hemispheres na Brain

Tare da wannan layin, gine-ginen bulo-da-turmi wanda ya ƙunshi wuraren reshe na kamfani a arewa da kudancin yankin sun yi daidai da tsarin abubuwan launin toka da ke cikin dukkanin sassan kwakwalwa huɗu a cikin ɓarna da cerebellum. Misali, aikin farar fata yana aiki tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na kwakwalwa a cikin cerebrum da cerebellum ya sa hanyoyin sadarwa na cerebro-cerebellar inter-hemispheric zai yiwu, kamar hanyoyin sadarwar fiber-optic sun sa sadarwa ta duniya ta yiwu daga Sydney zuwa New York ko London zuwa Buenos Aires.

Ci gaba da wannan kwatancin, Dad ya nuna cewa koda lokacin ofishin gida na kamfani kamar American Express tare da hedkwatar duniya a cikin katafaren gidan Manhattan na zamani yana sadarwa tare da rassan gida a wurare kamar Athens ko Alkahira (wanda za a iya zama a ciki tsoffin ko lalacewar tsarin), idan layin sadarwa ya kasance mai ƙarfi, ana iya karɓar saƙo da ƙarfi ko da kuwa tsarin gine -ginen ofishin reshe. A cikin kwakwalwa, wannan yanayin Amex zai kasance kwatankwacin ƙaƙƙarfan hanyoyin farar fata da ke riƙe da ayyukan fahimi duk da lalacewar ko lalacewar tsarin launin toka.

A cikin littafinsa, Fabric of Mind (1986), mahaifina ya gabatar da farar fata da launin toka azaman duo mai ƙarfi wanda ke aiki tare don haɓaka ƙwarewar ɗan adam. Saboda shi ma likitan tiyata ne, Dad ya lura da wani matashi mara lafiya tare da lalacewar wani yanki mai launin toka wanda kwakwalwarsa kamar ta sake haɗa haɗin ta ta hanyar canza wani aikin kwakwalwa daga wannan yanki zuwa wani. Abin ban mamaki, wannan mai haƙuri -da wasu waɗanda da alama suna sake canza hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwar fararen fata ta hanyar neuroplasticity -ba su nuna alamun raunin hankali ba.

Kodayake hasashe ne na ilimi kawai, mahaifina yayi hasashen cewa cibiyoyin sadarwa na fararen fata na iya samun damar rama lalacewar launin toka ta hanyar sake layukan sadarwa. Saboda haka, kodayake launin toka kusan koyaushe yana samun babban lissafin kuɗi, mahaifina ya ɗauki fararen abu a matsayin "tauraron tauraro" wanda ba a yaba da shi kuma ya ba ni wannan ra'ayi.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ire -iren karatu sun sanya fararen fata cikin haske. Da alama akwai ƙarin yarda da juna cewa fararen abu da launin toka abu ne mai mahimmanci idan aka zo batun rage ƙirar hankali ko inganta tsarin da haɗin aikin kwakwalwa gaba ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, canje -canje na tsari da bambance -bambancen microstructural bambance -bambancen kwanan nan an haɗa su da rikice -rikice na tunani daban -daban.

Illar Hankalin Lalacewar Yankuna Masu Farin Ciki

A wannan makon, wani sabon bincike na ƙungiya biyu ( N = 504) na marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai ƙarfi sun ba da rahoton cewa "raunin da ya shafi yankuna masu fararen fata masu alaƙa da alaƙa sun haɗu da raunin aikin hankali zuwa mafi girma fiye da raunin yankunan yankuna masu launin toka." An buga waɗannan binciken (Reber et al., 2021) a ranar 3 ga Mayu a cikin Aikace -aikacen Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa .

A cewar Justin Reber da marubutan marubuta, "waɗannan binciken suna nuna mahimmancin rawar da yankuna masu launin fari ke da alaƙa da juna don tallafawa fahimtar juna, wanda ke taimakawa bayyana bambance-bambancen juna tsakanin sakamakon fahimi bayan lalacewar kwakwalwa."

A cikin tattauna hanyoyin bincike na gaba mai zuwa, marubutan sun ce: “Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa ana iya amfani da ƙimar [fararen fata] don yin hasashen yuwuwar lalacewar hankali, sama da ƙimar amfanin tsinkayen ingantattun masu hasashe kamar [launin toka]. Don haka, wannan bayanin za a iya shigar da shi cikin kayan aikin hangen nesa don ƙarin hangen nesa sakamakon hangen nesa bayan raunin kwakwalwar da aka samu, yana taimakawa sanar da jiyya da tsare -tsaren gyara ga marasa lafiya da ke da lalacewar kwakwalwa. "