Cututtukan Neurodegenerative: Nau'i, Alamomi da Jiyya

Wadatacce

• Yin bita akan mafi mahimmancin cututtukan neurodegenerative da alamun su.
• Menene cututtukan neurodegenerative?
• Dalili mai yiwuwa
• Yawancin nau'ikan cututtukan neurodegenerative
• 1. Cutar Alzheimer
• 2. Cutar Parkinson
• 3. Ciwon Yawa
• 4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• 5. Huntington’s chorea
• 6. Friedreich ta ataxia
• Jiyya na cututtukan neurodegenerative
• Nassoshin Littafi Mai -Tsarki

Yin bita akan mafi mahimmancin cututtukan neurodegenerative da alamun su.

Bari muyi tunani game da cutar da ta fi ba mu tsoro. Wataƙila, wasu mutane sun yi tunanin ciwon daji ko cutar kanjamau, amma wasu da yawa sun zaɓi Alzheimer's, ko kuma wata cuta wacce a cikinta akwai asarar iyawar ci gaba (musamman ta hankali, amma ta zahiri). Kuma ra'ayin rasa ikonmu (rashin iya tunawa, rashin iya motsawa, rashin sanin ko mu wanene ko kuma inda muke) wani bangare ne na zurfin mafarkai da fargabar mutane da yawa.

Abin takaici, ga wasu mutane ya wuce tsoro: abu ne da suke rayuwa ko fatan rayuwa nan ba da daɗewa ba. Labari ne game da mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan neurodegenerative, manufar da za mu yi magana a kai cikin wannan labarin.

Menene cututtukan neurodegenerative?

An fahimci cututtukan neurodegenerative sune rukunin cututtuka da rikice -rikice waɗanda ke nuna kasancewar neurodegeneration, wato, lalacewar ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar neurons wadanda ke cikin tsarin jijiyoyinmu.

Wannan mutuwar neuronal galibi yana ci gaba kuma baya juyawa, yana haifar da jerin sakamako ko sakamako na tsananin tsananin da zai iya kasancewa daga rashin samun sakamako na alama zuwa haifar da asarar ci gaba na hankali da / ko ikon jiki har ma da kaiwa ga mutuwa (misali. saboda kamawar zuciya, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan yanayin).

Cututtukan Neurodegenerative suna ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasa akai -akai kuma masu dacewa, tunda neurodegeneration na ci gaba zai ƙare yana haifar da iyakance ayyuka da ci gaba na rashin iya magance buƙatun muhalli, yana buƙatar tallafi na waje da matakan taimako daban -daban.

Dalili mai yiwuwa

Abubuwan da ke haifar da irin wannan cuta ko cututtuka na iya zama da yawa, tare da adadi mai yawa wanda zai iya shafar bayyanar su. Asalin da ake tambaya zai dogara ne kacokan akan cutar neurodegenerative da muke magana akai. Koyaya, a mafi yawan lokuta ba a san takamaiman musabbabin bayyanar waɗannan cututtukan ba.

Daga cikin dalilai masu yawa da ake zargin wasu daga cikinsu da suka sani, wasu sanadin suna cikin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda har yanzu ba a iya warkar da su ba waɗanda ke shafar tsarin juyayi, kasancewar canje -canje a cikin tsarin autoimmune wanda ke sa ya kai hari ga sel na jiki, rauni da / ko haɗarin cerebrovascular (a cikin yanayin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini). Wucewar wasu abubuwa kamar Jikin Lewy, alamun beta-amyloid ko tangles na neurofibrillary ana kuma lura da shi a wasu tabin hankali, kodayake ba a san dalilin bayyanar su ba.

Yawancin nau'ikan cututtukan neurodegenerative

Akwai adadi mai yawa na cututtuka da rikice -rikice waɗanda zasu iya haifar da lalacewar da mutuwar neurons a cikin tsarin jijiyoyin mu. Dementias da neuromuscular cututtuka galibi mafi sanannun kuma mafi yawan lokuta. A ƙasa za mu iya ganin wasu misalai na wasu daga cikin cututtukan neurodegenerative na yau da kullun.

1. Cutar Alzheimer

Ofaya daga cikin sanannun cututtukan neurodegenerative shine cutar Alzheimer, wataƙila mafi yawan samfuri da matsalar irin wannan. Wannan cuta, wacce ke farawa a cikin lobes na ɗan lokaci kuma daga baya ta bazu ko'ina cikin kwakwalwa, ba ta da wani sanadi sananne. Yana haifar da ciwon hauka ci gaba da asarar ikon tunani, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da abin ya shafa da rashin lafiyar aphasic-apraxo-agnosic wanda ke bayyana wanda iyawar magana, jere da aiwatar da ƙungiyoyi masu rikitarwa da ganewa sun ɓace daga abubuwan motsa jiki kamar fuskoki.

2. Cutar Parkinson

Parkinson's shine ɗayan sanannun kuma mafi yawan cututtukan neurodegenerative. A ciki , ci gaba mai ɗorewa na neurons na substantia nigra kuma tsarin nigrostriatal yana faruwa, yana shafar samarwa da amfani da dopamine a cikin wannan hanyar. Mafi yawan alamun da ake iya ganewa sune na nau'in mota, tare da rage gudu, tashin hankali da wataƙila mafi kyawun alamar da aka sani: girgizar ƙasa a cikin yanayin hutu.

Yana iya kawo karshen haifar da hauka, wanda a ciki, ban da alamun da ke sama, mutism, asarar bayyanar fuska, jinkirin tunani, rikicewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sauran canje -canje.

3. Ciwon Yawa

Cututtuka na yau da kullun da ba a iya warkar da su ta hanyar ci gaba da ɓarkewar tsarin juyayi saboda martanin tsarin garkuwar jiki akan myelin wanda ke rufe jijiyoyin jiki. Yana faruwa a cikin yanayin barkewar cutar a tsakanin wanda zai iya zama wani matakin murmurewa, kamar yadda jiki yayi ƙoƙarin gyara asarar myelin (kodayake sabon zai zama mai ƙarancin ƙarfi da tasiri). Gajiya, raunin tsoka, rashin daidaituwa, matsalolin gani da zafi wasu daga cikin matsalolin da yake haifarwa, galibi suna ci gaba da ƙarfi cikin lokaci. Ba a yi la'akari da mutuwa ba kuma ba shi da babban tasiri ga tsawon rayuwar.

4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis yana daya daga cikin cututtukan neuromuscular mafi yawan lokuta, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan neurodegenerative da ke da alaƙa da canji da mutuwar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin mota. Yayin da cutar neurodegeneration ke ci gaba, tsokoki suna atrophy har motsi na son rai ya zama ba zai yiwu ba. Bayan lokaci yana iya shafar musculature na numfashi, daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da kasancewar tsawon rayuwar wadanda ke fama da ita yana raguwa sosai (kodayake akwai kebewa, kamar Stephen Hawking).

5. Huntington’s chorea

Cutar da aka sani da Huntington's chorea ita ce daya daga cikin sanannun cututtukan neurodegenerative na asalin kwayoyin halitta. Cututtukan gado da aka watsa ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa, ana rarrabe shi da kasancewar canje -canje na motsa jiki, kamar choreas ko ƙungiyoyin da aka samu ta hanyar ƙuntataccen tsokar tsoka, ƙaurarsa tana ɗan kama da rawa. Baya ga alamun motsa jiki, yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, canje -canje suna bayyana a cikin ayyukan zartarwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, magana har ma da halaye.

Ana lura da kasancewar raunin kwakwalwa mai mahimmanci a duk lokacin ci gabanta, musamman a cikin basal ganglia. Yawancin lokaci yana da hasashe mara kyau, yana rage tsawon rayuwar waɗanda ke fama da ita da sauƙaƙe kasancewar cututtukan zuciya da na numfashi.

6. Friedreich ta ataxia

Cutar gado wanda ke canza tsarin juyayi ta hanyar shigar da neurons a cikin kashin baya da jijiyoyin da ke sarrafa guntun mahaifa. Babban wahalar da ake gani shine daidaita motsi, raunin tsoka, wahalar magana da tafiya, da matsalolin motsi ido. Ci gaban wannan cuta yakan sa waɗanda abin ya shafa su buƙaci taimako da amfani da keken guragu. Yana faruwa akai -akai tare da matsalolin zuciya.

Jiyya na cututtukan neurodegenerative

Yawancin cututtukan neurodegenerative ba su da magani a yau (kodayake akwai keɓancewa, tunda a cikin wasu da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta za a iya kawar da mai cutar). Koyaya, akwai magunguna waɗanda ke nufin rage jinkirin ci gaban waɗannan cututtukan da tsawaita cin gashin kai da aikin mai haƙuri. Dangane da takamaiman akwati, za a iya amfani da hanyoyin likita-tiyata daban-daban wanda zai iya rage alamun cutar ko magunguna daban -daban da ke tsawaita aikin batun.

Da farko, dole ne a yi la’akari da cewa irin wannan binciken zai zama babban rauni ga mai haƙuri, yana haifar da yuwuwar lokacin baƙin ciki da matsalolin daidaitawa da aka samo daga gare ta. Wataƙila damuwa da bacin rai na iya bayyana, har ma da matsananciyar damuwa ko bayan tashin hankali dangane da lamarin. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, amfani da ilimin motsa jiki na iya zama dole, daidaita dabarun zuwa kowane takamaiman akwati. Kuma ba kawai a cikin yanayin mai haƙuri ba, amma masu kulawa kuma za su iya samun irin waɗannan matsalolin kuma suna buƙatar kulawar ƙwararru.

Ilimin halin dan Adam ga majiyyaci da muhalli dangane da cutar da illolinta yana da mahimmanci, yana taimakawa rage matakin rashin tabbas da za su iya da kuma samar da hanyoyin daidaitawa da dabaru.

Amfani da gyaran jijiyoyin jini, ilimin aikin likita, ilimin motsa jiki da maganin magana gama -gari a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun dabaru da yawa don haɓakawa da tsawaita ingancin rayuwa, jihar, iyawa da cin gashin kai na mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawanci yana ƙare da buƙatar amfani da kayan taimako na waje waɗanda za a iya amfani da su azaman diyya ko maye gurbin ɓatattun ƙwarewa kamar hotuna, agendas (wani abu mai sauƙi kamar yadda wannan na iya zama babban taimako ga mutanen da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da matsalolin shiryawa misali), na gani kayan taimako ko hanyoyin motsi kamar keken guragu.

Nassoshin Littafi Mai -Tsarki