A Wannan Memo na Google Game da Bambancin Jima'i

Wadatacce

• Muhimmancin Karatun Jima'i
• Dalilin Da Ya Sa Kamar Wasu Mutane Suna Jin daɗin Yin Jima'i Fiye Da Ku

An kori wani ma'aikacin Google kwanan nan saboda raba abin tunawa wanda ya ambaci wasu bincike na na ilimi game da bambance-bambancen jima'i na jima'i (misali, halayen mutum, abubuwan son aboki, neman matsayi). Mataimakin Shugaban Google na Daban -daban, Mutunci, da Mulki, Danielle Brown, ya ɗauki ikirarin ma'aikacin "tsinkaye ba daidai ba game da jinsi." Tare da wasu shaidu, ma'aikacin ya yi jayayya, a wani ɓangare, cewa bincike na hankali game da bambance -bambancen jinsi yana nuna ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin aikin da suka danganci jima'i na halitta sun ɓace. Wataƙila, wataƙila ba. Bari mu bincika batun.

Ina tsammanin yana da mahimmanci a tattauna wannan batun a kimiyyance, kiyaye buɗe ido da yin amfani da rashin sanin yakamata yayin tantance ƙira akan shaidu. Game da halayen ɗabi'a, shaidar cewa maza da mata na iya samun matsakaitan matakan wasu halaye suna da ƙarfi. Misali, bambancin jinsi a cikin mummunan motsin rai na kowa ne a fadin al'adu; ci gaba yana fitowa a cikin dukkan al'adu a lokaci guda; suna da alaƙa da waɗanda aka gano (ba kawai rahoton kansu ba) lamuran lafiyar kwakwalwa; bayyana kafe a cikin bambance -bambancen jinsi a cikin ilimin jijiyoyin jiki, kunna kunnawa, da hormones; sun fi girma a cikin ƙasashe masu daidaiton jinsi; da sauransu (don ɗan taƙaitaccen bayanin wannan shaidar, duba nan). A ganina, iƙirarin cewa akwai bambance -bambancen jinsi da ke wanzuwa cikin motsin rai mara kyau ba "zato ba daidai ba ne game da jinsi." Iƙirari ne mai goyan baya da ƙarfi (aƙalla, dangane da mafi kyawun ilimin halin ɗabi'a da muke da shi zuwa yanzu).

Har yanzu, ba a fayyace mani yadda irin waɗannan bambance -bambancen jinsi suke dacewa da wurin aikin Google ba. Kuma ko da bambance -bambancen jinsi a cikin mummunan motsin rai ya dace da aikin sana'a a Google (misali, rashin iya ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan da ke damunsu), girman waɗannan bambance -bambancen jinsi na banbanci ba su da yawa (yawanci, yana tsakanin “ƙarami” zuwa “matsakaici ”A cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdigar ƙididdigar ƙididdiga; lissafin wataƙila 10% na bambancin ¹ ). Yin amfani da jima'i na ɗan adam don tabbatar da cikakken yanayin halayen mutane kamar aikin tiyata ne da gatari. Ba daidai ba ne don yin nagarta sosai, wataƙila zai haifar da lahani mai yawa. Haka kuma, maza sun fi mata tausayawa ta wasu hanyoyi, su ma. Bambance -bambancen jima'i a cikin motsin rai ya danganta da nau'in motsin rai, yadda ake auna shi, inda ake bayyana shi, lokacin da aka bayyana shi, da sauran abubuwan mahallin da yawa. Yadda duk wannan ya dace da wurin aiki na Google ba a gare ni ba. Amma wataƙila yana yi.

Dangane da bambancin jinsi a abubuwan da ake so kuma neman matsayi , waɗannan batutuwan kuma an yi bincike sosai a cikin al'adu (don bita, duba nan). Bugu da ƙari, yawancin waɗannan bambance -bambancen jinsi suna da matsakaicin girma kuma a ganina ba zai yiwu su zama duk abin da ya dace da wurin aikin Google ba (lissafin, wataƙila, maki kaɗan na bambancin tsakanin sakamakon ayyukan maza da mata).

Bambance -bambancen jinsi a al'adance a cikin dabi'u na mutum kuma wasu iyawar fahimi sun fi girma girma (duba a nan), da bambancin jinsi a ciki bukatu na sana'a suna da yawa ² . Da alama waɗannan bambance-bambancen jinsi na al'adu na duniya da alaƙa suna taka rawa a cikin tsarin ɗaukar ma'aikata na ma'aikatan Google. Misali, a cikin 2013, 18% na digiri na farko a cikin sarrafa kwamfuta mata ne suka samu, kuma kusan kashi 20% na ayyukan fasaha na Google a halin yanzu mata ne ke riƙe su. Duk hanyoyin tabbatattun matakan aiki da Google ke amfani da su suna bayyana suna aiki sosai (aƙalla a matakin aikin fasaha). Duk da haka, ina tsammanin yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa yawancin bambance -bambancen jima'i na hankali ƙanana ne kawai zuwa matsakaicin girma, kuma maimakon haɗa maza da mata cikin ƙungiyoyi masu rarrafe, Ina tsammanin bambancin jinsi da jinsi shine mafi kyawun tunani a kimiyance azaman lambobi da yawa, ko ta yaya (duba a nan).

Yanzu, kula da mutane a matsayin jinsi iri -iri shine ainihin abin da yawancin manufofin aiwatarwa masu inganci ke yi. Da yake wannan ba yanki na gwaninta ba ne, zan iya ba da ra'ayina ba ƙwararre ba kan wannan batun, wanda shine wannan: An sami (kuma mai yiwuwa zai ci gaba da kasancewa) da yawa abubuwan da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa ga mata masu aiki a ayyukan fasaha. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rabe-raben jinsi na al'adu, al'adun zamantakewa na son zuciya, a wasu al'adu bayyananniyar nuna wariyar aiki, da kuma wani mataki na aikin maza a wuraren ayyukan fasaha. A cikin wannan tekun na nuna bambancin jinsi, yakamata Google yayi amfani da ayyuka iri -iri (aikin tabbatarwa ba abu ɗaya bane kawai) don ƙarfafa ƙwararrun mata shiga (da jin daɗin) wurin aikin Google? Na zabi eh. A lokaci guda, shin yakamata mu sami damar tattaunawa a sarari da sanar da mu ta wasu bambance -bambancen jinsi na zahiri wanda ke haifar da bambancin ayyukan maza da mata, kuma yana iya haifar da kasa da kashi 50% na ma'aikatan fasaha mata? A cikin mahallin da ya dace, na kuma zaɓar eh ga hakan, kuma. A bayyane yake a Google, allon tattaunawa na ciki wanda aka yi niyya don buɗe tattaunawa game da bambancin da tunanin tushen kimiyya ba shine madaidaicin mahallin don tattauna shaidu game da bambancin jinsi na hankali ba.

Bayanan ƙasa

¹ Lokacin da aka bincika ɗimbin halaye da yawa gaba ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya, bambancin jinsi a cikin halaye ya fi girma. A cikin 2012, Del Giudice da abokan aikinsa a lokaci guda sun bincika girman mutum 15 kuma sun sami ƙasa da kashi 10% a cikin rarrabuwa na halaye da yawa na maza da mata. Duk da haka, ba zai yiwu ba duk waɗannan girman guda 15 sun dace da aikin aikin Google. Del Giudice, M., Booth, T., & Irwing, P. (2012). Nisa tsakanin Mars da Venus: Auna bambancin jinsi na duniya a cikin hali. PloS daya, 7, e29265.

Haka kuma, saboda ma’aikatan Google ne sosai zaɓa ƙungiya (misali, wataƙila tana da manyan matakan hankali da abubuwan sha'awa a cikin fasaha), kowane bambance -bambancen jinsi a cikin halayen mutum da aka lura a cikin yawan jama'a na iya kasancewa ba daidai gwargwado a tsakanin ma'aikatan Google.

² Bambancin jima'i a juyi na tunani iyawa suna da matsakaicin girma a cikin yawancin al'adu. A cikin 2007, binciken ƙasashe 40 da aka rubuta bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin ikon jujjuyawar tunani sun kasance na duniya baki ɗaya (Silverman, I., Choi, J., & Peters, M. (2007). Bayanai daga ƙasashe 40. Tarihin Halayyar Jima'i, 36 , 261-268). Nazarin ƙasashe 53 ya sami daidai wannan abu, kuma an lura da bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin ikon jujjuyawar tunani mafi girma a cikin mafi yawan ƙasashe masu daidaita jinsi (Lippa, R. A., Collaer, M. L., & Peters, M. (2010). Bambancin jinsi a jujjuyawar tunani da hukuncin kusurwar layi yana da alaƙa da daidaiton jinsi da haɓaka tattalin arziƙi a cikin ƙasashe 53. Tarihin Halayyar Jima'i, 39, 990-997.).

Muhimmancin Karatun Jima'i

Dalilin Da Ya Sa Kamar Wasu Mutane Suna Jin daɗin Yin Jima'i Fiye Da Ku