Hankalin motsin rai Ba ya dace da Psychopaths

Psychopathy sananniyar cuta ce ta mutum wanda ke nuna halin rashin tausayi, motsin rai, da son yin amfani da wasu mutane don son kai (Hare, 1999). Raunin motsin rai alama alama ce ta sihiri. Misali, akwai shaidar cewa masu tabin hankali ba su da bambancin amsa na yau da kullun ga kalmomin motsin rai da tsaka tsaki, kuma yana iya yin rashin fahimtar fitowar fuskokin motsin rai, kodayake shaidar ba daidai ba ce (Ermer, Kahn, Salovey, & Kiehl, 2012). Wasu masu bincike sun yi amfani da gwaje -gwajen “hankali na tunani” (EI) don ƙarin fahimtar raunin motsin rai a cikin tabin hankali, tare da ɗan sakamako kaɗan (Lishner, Swim, Hong, & Vitacco, 2011). Zan yi jayayya cewa gwaje -gwajen hankali na tunanin ba za su iya bayyana mahimmancin wannan yanki ba saboda ba su da inganci kuma ba su da wata mahimmanci ga rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Wataƙila mafi shahararren gwajin ilimin hankali a yau shine Mayer - Salovey - Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), wanda ke ɗaukar matsayin ma'aunin haƙiƙanin ikon mutum na ganewa, fahimta, da sarrafa motsin rai a cikin kai da sauransu. Ana iya haɗa iyawar da ake tsammanin ta auna zuwa yankuna biyu: EI mai ƙwarewa (fahimtar motsin rai da "sauƙaƙe tunani") da dabarun EI (fahimta da sarrafa motsin rai). Ƙananan motsin zuciyar da ake tsammani alama ce mai ƙarfi na ikon iyawa. Ana lura da Psychopaths saboda ƙarancin damuwarsu ga wasu, duk da haka binciken mutanen da aka daure da aka gano da halayen psychopathic ba su sami daidaituwa tsakanin EI mai ƙwarewa da ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa ba (Ermer, et al., 2012). Haɗin kai tsakanin tsinkayewar motsin rai da matakan psychopathy duk sun kusa sifili. Psychopaths yakamata su kasance masu ƙarancin tausayawa amma da alama ba su da ikon iya fahimtar motsin rai a cikin wannan binciken. Wannan yana nuna ko dai ma'aunin tsinkayewar motsin rai ba ingantacciyar alama ce ta ikon tausayawa ba ko kuma a wasu ma'anonin psychopaths ba sa rasa tausayawa. Wataƙila masu ilimin halin ƙwaƙwalwa suna fahimtar motsin zuciyarmu daidai a cikin wasu amma matsalar ita ce ba su motsa su ba. A takaice dai, sun san yadda wasu ke ji amma ba su damu ba.

Irin wannan binciken ya sami ɗan ƙaramin hulɗa mara kyau tsakanin “dabarun EI” da halayen psychopathic, musamman a cikin “sarrafa motsin rai”. A fuskarsa, wannan na iya nuna yana ba da shawarar cewa masu ilimin halin kwakwalwa ba su da kyau wajen sarrafa motsin rai a cikin su ko wasu. Ko yana yi? A cewar masanin ilimin halin ɗabi'a Robert Hare, masu ilimin halin ɗabi'a suna da matuƙar motsawa don yin amfani da wasu kuma galibi suna da saurin karantawa kan abubuwan da mutane ke motsawa da raunin tunaninsu don cin moriyar su (Hare, 1999). An lura da wasu mutanen da ke da ilimin psychopathic don amfani da fara'a ta zahiri don samun nasarar haɗa wasu mutane cikin amincewa da su, suna ba da shawarar cewa yi fahimci yadda ake amfani da motsin zuciyar mutane, ba kawai a cikin yanayin da ake so ba. Bukatar zamantakewa na iya taimakawa bayyana dalilin da yasa psychopaths ke yin mummunan sakamako akan gwaje -gwajen sarrafa motsin rai da abin da wannan ke nufi da gaske.

Ƙaddamar da motsin zuciyarmu yana buƙatar mutum ya yi la’akari da yanayin da ya shafi motsin rai a cikin wasu kuma zaɓi amsar “mafi kyau” ko “mafi inganci” (Ermer, et al., 2012). Scoringis galibi yana dogara ne akan hanyar haɗin kai gaba ɗaya, wanda ke nufin cewa amsar "daidai" ita ce mafi yawancin mutanen da aka bincika. Hakanan akwai hanyar ƙira "ƙwararre", wanda madaidaicin amsa shine wanda kwamitin da ake kira "ƙwararru" ya fi amincewa da shi, kodayake galibi akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin hanyoyin guda biyu, yana ba da shawarar cewa kwararrun sun yarda da yawancin mutane. Don haka, idan kuka zaɓi amsar da yawancin mutane suka yarda da ku ana iya ɗaukar ku "masu hankali". Wannan ya bambanta sosai da gwaje -gwaje na hankali na gaba ɗaya inda mutane masu hankali za su iya samar da amsoshi daidai ga tambayoyi masu wahala inda yawancin mutane ba za su iya ba (Brody, 2004).

A takaice dai, mafi ƙarancin motsin zuciyarmu yana tantance amincewa da ƙa'idodin zamantakewa. An tsara matakan EI don tantance amfanin jama'a kawai na bayanan motsin rai (Ermer, et al., 2012). Psychopaths a gefe guda galibi ba su da sha'awar bin ƙa'idodin zamantakewa, kamar yadda abubuwan psychopathic kamar conning da cin mutuncin mutane gabaɗaya sun ƙi. Don haka, ƙimarsu akan gwaje -gwajen hankali na hankali na iya nuna rashin sha’awarsu ta bin ƙa’idojin zamantakewa maimakon rashin fahimtar menene waɗannan ƙa’idojin. Marubutan wani binciken akan iyawar EI da tabin hankali (Lishner, et al., 2011) sun yarda cewa mahalarta ba su da wani kwarin gwiwa don samar da amsoshin "daidai", don haka ba a sani ba ko mummunan hulɗar da suka samu tsakanin tabin hankali da sarrafa motsin rai. ya nuna gazawa ta ainihi ko rashin motsawa don daidaitawa. An soki gwaje -gwajen EI a matsayin ma'aunin daidaituwa, don haka matakan EI kamar MSCEIT bazai zama ingantattun matakan iyawa ba saboda suna tantance daidaituwa maimakon ƙwarewa. Matakan EI kamar ƙima na ƙimar motsin rai ilmi , amma kada ku tantance ainihin fasaha cikin ma'amala da motsin rai (Brody, 2004). Wato, mutum na iya sanin abin da yakamata su yi yayin mu'amala da mutum mai tausayawa, amma a aikace suna iya ko ba su da fasaha ko ikon yin hakan a zahiri. Bugu da ƙari, ko mutum yana amfani da iliminsu a rayuwar yau da kullun ba lallai bane batun hankali gaba ɗaya, saboda yana iya dogara da halaye, mutunci da motsawa (Locke, 2005).

Hakazalika dangane da ilimin halin ɗabi'a, gaskiyar cewa ba su yarda da amsoshin "daidai" akan gwajin EI ba yana nufin basu da wani nau'in "hankali" da ake buƙata don fahimtar motsin rai, saboda gwajin da kansa ba ma'aunin hankali bane (Locke , 2005) amma ɗayan daidaiton ƙa'idodin zamantakewa. Ta hanyar ma'ana, psychopaths suna yin watsi da ƙa'idodin zamantakewa, don haka gwajin ba ze gaya mana wani abu da bamu sani ba.Akwai matakan kai rahoto na magudi, amma ba a fayyace ko suna auna ainihin ikon yin nasarar sarrafa motsin zuciyar wasu don samun ribar mutum (Ermer, et al., 2012). Fahimtar gazawar motsin rai a cikin ilimin halin kwakwalwa yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar wannan muhimmin lamari mai tayar da hankali amma zan yi jayayya cewa yin amfani da gwajin hankali na hankali yana iya zama ƙarshen mutuwa saboda matakan ba su da inganci kuma ba su magance manyan matsalolin motsin rai a cikin rashin lafiya. Psychopaths suna da alama suna fahimtar motsin sauran mutane amma ba su da alama suna da martani na al'ada da kansu. Binciken da ke mai da hankali kan dalilin da ya sa wannan lamari zai zama mafi kyawun hanyar bincike.

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Nassoshi

Brody, N. (2004). Menene Hankalin Hankali da Abin da Hankalin Motsi Ba. Tambayar Ilimin Hauka, 15 (3), 234-238.

Ermer, E., Kahn, RE, Salovey, P., & Kiehl, KA (2012). Hankalin Motsa Jiki a cikin Mazajen da aka Daure Tare da Halayen Psychopathic. Jaridar Mutum da Ilimin Zamantakewa . Doi: 10.1037/a0027328

Hare, R. (1999). Ba tare da lamiri ba: Duniya mai rikitarwa na masu tabin hankali a tsakanin mu . New York: Guilford Press.

Lishner, DA, Swim, ER, Hong, P. Y., & Vitacco, MJ (2011). Ilimin halin ɗabi'a da ƙwarewar hankali na hankali: Yadawa ko iyakance ƙungiya tsakanin fuskoki? Yanayi da Banbancin Mutum, 50 (7), 1029-1033. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.018

Locke, AA (2005). Me yasa hankali na tunani shine ra'ayi mara inganci. Jaridar Halayen Kungiya . doi: 10.1002/aiki.318