Dabbobin Dabbobi: Abin da Halayyar Dabbobi ke Koya Mana Game da Zalunci

Wadatacce

• Karatu Masu Muhimmanci
• Cin Zarafin Wuri Aiki Ne: Haɗu da Halayen 6

Shin za a iya dakatar da halayyar zalunci? A cikin rabin shekaru goma da suka gabata ko fiye da haka hankalinmu ga ainihin wahalar da zalunci ke haifarwa ya haifar da gaba ɗaya masana'antar da aka mai da hankali kan “masu zalunci.” Amma duk da hankalinmu ga batun, shin da gaske ya yi abubuwa da yawa don rage tashin hankali a makarantu, wurin aiki da al'ummomi?

Wataƙila dalili ɗaya da ya kasance yana da wahalar canza halayen tashin hankali shine saboda ta hanyar mai da hankali kan mutum "mai ƙwanƙwasawa," mun rasa ikon ikon ilimin halayyar ɗan adam don sa in ba haka ba masu kirki da ɗan adam su aikata mugunta da rashin ɗan adam. Wannan sabon abu na tashin hankalin ƙungiya ya fi sauƙi a tsokane shi, kuma mafi ƙarfi, lokacin da wani a cikin jagoranci ya bayyana sarai cewa suna son wani ya fita. Lokacin da hakan ta faru, masu ba da tallafi cikin sauri suna amsa kiran neman taimako don kawar da ma'aikacin da ba a so, ɗalibi, ko aboki.

A cikin sabon littafin ebook, Mobbed! Tsira da Tsofaffi da Tsoro , Ina binciko abin da ya faru na cin zarafin ƙungiya kuma ina ba da dabaru da yawa don kiyaye kai. An rubuta shi musamman don ma'aikata, amma ya dace da kusan kowane wuri inda mutane ke zaune da aiki tare cikin ƙungiyoyi, Mobbed! yana duban ɗabi'ar dabbobi don nuna yadda yawan zaluncin da muke shaidawa a cikin saitunan zamantakewa yana da asali, tsari da tsinkaye. Idan yana da asali, to, za a iya dakatar da shi? Zan yi jayayya cewa a'a, ba za a iya dakatar da shi gaba ɗaya ba, amma ana iya hana shi, ko a kalla a sarrafa shi, a mafi yawan lokuta - idan makasudin yana sane kuma yana shirye. Wataƙila hanya mafi kyau don tsira daga zaluncin ƙungiyar ba ta canza halayen masu azzalumai ba, saboda tana koyo daga dabbobi abin da manufa za ta iya yi don canza sakamakon da zarar an fallasa haƙoran. Ga karin bayani:

Bincike na farko ya nuna ɗimbin hanyoyin da halin cin zarafin wani babban memba zai iya juyar da membobin ƙungiya mai zaman lafiya zuwa ƙungiyoyin ɓarayi. Takeauki birai rhesus, misali. A cikin littafinsa, Hankalin Macachiavellian: Yadda Rhesus Macaques da Mutane suka ci Duniya , masanin ilimin halitta Dario Maestripieri ya nuna dabarun dabaru da dabaru da birai rhesus ke turawa don samun matsayi da iko a cikin al'ummomin su - a cikin yanayin da yayi kama da yadda mutane ke nuna hali a wurin aiki da yaƙi.

Maestripieri ya buɗe littafinsa tare da tatsuniyar wani ɗan iska mai cin mutunci wanda ya ciji wani saurayi mai son budurwa mai suna Buddy. Maimakon kawo ƙarshen rikicin ta hanyar yin faɗa da duka-duka mai zafi, ko nuna biyayya da mika wuya ga mai zalunci, Buddy ya gudu cikin azaba. Ta hanyar kasa samun ko nuna girmamawa, nunin Buddy na rashin ƙarfi ya gayyaci bin sa, kuma mai ƙalubalen ya haɓaka cin zarafin sa, yayin da abokan Buddy suka ruga don shiga cikin tashin hankali. Maimakon su taimaki abokin nasu da ke kai hari, duk da haka, abokan Buddy sun bi shi kuma sun kai masa hari, wanda ya sa masu binciken da ke lura da gamuwa suka cire Buddy daga ƙungiyar don kare kansa.

Lokacin da aka dawo da Buddy cikin ƙungiyar, tsoffin abokan wasansa sun ɓata masa rai, sun durƙusa shi kuma sun ƙalubalance shi don yin faɗa. Har yanzu yana da rauni daga cutar sankara da masu binciken suka ba shi bayan cire shi daga harin da ya gabata, abokan wasan da ya girma tare sun yi amfani da halin da Buddy ke ciki. Mastripieri ya bayyana abin da ya faru:

"Buddy ya kasance yana ciyar da kowace rana ta rayuwarsa a cikin shinge tare da sauran birai. Duk suna cin abinci iri ɗaya kuma suna barci ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya. . . . . Suna can lokacin da aka haife shi. Sun riƙe shi kuma sun rungume shi lokacin yana jariri. Sun dube shi yana girma, kowace rana, kowace rana ta rayuwarsa. Amma duk da haka, a wannan ranar, da masu binciken ba su fitar da Buddy daga cikin ƙungiyar ba, da an kashe shi. . . . Ya kasance mai rauni da rauni. Halin sauran birai ya canza cikin sauri da ban mamaki - daga sada zumunci zuwa rashin haƙuri, daga wasa zuwa tashin hankali. Rashin raunin Buddy ya zama dama ga wasu don daidaita tsohon ci, inganta matsayin su a cikin madafun iko, ko kawar da abokin hamayya mai kyau. A cikin rhesus macaque al'umma, riƙe matsayin zamantakewar mutum, yarda da wasu, da kuma tsira daga ƙarshe na iya dogara da yadda mutum yake gudu da sauri da kuma yadda ya dace mutum yayi amfani da siginar da ta dace, tare da mutumin da ya dace, a daidai lokacin. ” (Mastripieri, 2007: 4, 5).

Ana samun irin wannan tsarin na musgunawa a cikin kyarketai waɗanda da wuya su shirya don kai farmaki kan wasu fakitoci na kyarkeci, amma a koyaushe za su rarrabe waɗanda suka raunana na ƙungiyarsu don dogayen fitina, kusan kullun alfa ke motsa su kuma ana aiwatar da su tare da frenzied Ƙananan kyarketai. A cewar mashahurin masanin halitta kuma masanin kyarkeci RD Lawrence, karnukan a zahiri “suna bin jagoran su” kuma suna kunna membobin fakitin su idan babban alfa ya yi haka. Don dakatar da tursasawa, kyarkeci da aka yi wa lahani dole ne ya nuna alamun miƙa wuya -ta hanyar kwanciya a bayansa, fallasa makogwaronsa, ciki da tsutsa ga alphas -ko ta hanyar gudu.

Don ƙarin bayani kan abin da ake nufi da nuna biyayya ko gudu a wurin aiki ko cikin al'umma, duba Mobbed! Akwai shi a kan Kindle, amma idan ba ku da Kindle, kuna iya saukar da aikace -aikacen mai karatu kyauta akan rukunin Amazon wanda zai ba ku damar karanta kowane littafin Kindle. Kuma idan ba ku son karanta littafin, ku ci gaba da kallo a wannan rukunin yanar gizon inda zan ci gaba da tattaunawa kan hanyoyi da yawa da ake kunna fitinar ɗan adam da ƙonewa da zarar an yi kira zuwa farmaki. Akwai hanyoyi fiye da ɗaya don doke mai zalunci, kuma yana farawa da sanin kanmu-da yanayin dabbobin mu.

Karatu Masu Muhimmanci

Cin Zarafin Wuri Aiki Ne: Haɗu da Halayen 6