Duk Game da Narcissism

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• Karatun Mahimmancin Narcissism
• Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa: Abubuwan da Muke Yi don Mai Nishaɗi

Me ke kawo narcissism? Me ya sa masu ba da labari suka kasance masu fara'a da so (da farko)? Shin mutanen da ke fama da rikice-rikicen halayen mutum suna da girman kai? Shin narcissism yana da alaƙa da tabin hankali? Za a iya warkar da narcissism -ko a yi nasara da shi ta hanyar magani ko ilimin halin kwakwalwa? Shin narcissism wani lokaci yana iya zama abu mai kyau ko koyaushe yana cutarwa? Yaya za a yi da masu wariyar launin fata? Tambayoyi da yawa game da wariyar launin fata suna da wuyar amsawa, aƙalla a wani sashi saboda ba a bayyana dalla -dalla ba. Don sanin ko za a iya shawo kan narcissism, alal misali, muna buƙatar sanin ainihin ma'anar narcissism.

Kwanan nan na sami damar yin hira da wani wanda ya saba da dabaru daban -daban na narcissism, gami da ra'ayoyin asibiti da na zamantakewa/mutum. Josh Miller, Ph.D. , farfesa na ilimin halin dan Adam da Daraktan Horar da Jiyya a Jami'ar Jojiya babban ƙwararren mai bincike ne wanda ya buga takardu sama da 200 da babi-babi-adadi mai yawa wanda ya shafi narcissism da narcissistic individual disorder. ^2-5 Bincikensa ya mai da hankali kan halaye na ɗabi'a na al'ada da na ɗabi'a, rikice -rikicen halayen mutum (tare da mai da hankali kan narcissism da psychopathy), da halaye na waje.

Miller kuma shine Babban Editan Jaridar Bincike a Hali , kuma yana kan kwamitin edita na wasu mujallu da aka yi nazari akai, ciki har da Jaridar Psychology Abnormal , Ƙima , Jaridar Mutum , Jaridar Yanayin Mutum , kuma Cututtukan Yanayi: Ka'idar, Bincike, da Jiyya .

Emamzadeh: Tun daga shekarun 1900, likitoci da masu bincike da yawa - Sigmund Freud, Harry Guntrip, Heinz Kohut, Otto Kernberg, Glen Gabbard, da Elsa Ronningstam a cikinsu - sun yi rubuce -rubuce kan narcissism. Ko da a zamanin yau, kamar yadda kuka lura a cikin takardar bita ta 2017, "Bincike kan narcissism a cikin dukkan nau'ikan sa - rikicewar halayen mutum (NPD), babban narcissism, da narcissism - ya shahara fiye da kowane lokaci." ² Me yasa kuke tsammanin masu bincike da yawa, ba tare da ambaton mutane ba, suna da sha'awar narcissism?

Miller: Zan yi jayayya cewa hadaddun abubuwa ne-masu binciken da ke son rarrabuwar narcissism ta hanyoyin da ba su da yawa (misali, rarrabewa tsakanin manyan abubuwa da gabatarwa masu rauni), haɗa narcissism a cikin adabi da yawa da ake kira Dark Triad (nazarin narcissism, psychopathy , da Machiavellianism) wanda ya sami babban tasiri a cikin adabin adabi da kuma tsakanin jama'a, da tattaunawar narcissism da aka gani a cikin manyan fitattun jama'a. A ƙarshe, Ina tsammanin narcissism sanannen gini ne a cikin cewa kusan dukkan mutane na iya haɗa misalai cikin sauƙi cikin mutane a cikin rayuwarsu waɗanda ke nuna wasu daga cikin waɗannan halayen-ya kasance membobin dangi, abokai, ko abokan aiki-don haka yana sake bayyana sosai a cikin mutane daban -daban ciki har da jama'a, masu bincike, da likitocin.

Emamzadeh: Na lura cewa likitocin, masu bincike, da marubuta (gami da wasu rubuce -rubuce don Psychology A Yau ) kar a yi amfani da kalmar “narcissist” koyaushe. Na karanta ra'ayoyi game da narcissism kamar yadda aka biyo baya (A vs B).

A: Masu wariyar launin fata da masu tabin hankali sun yi tarayya da yawa. Babu wahala da gaske amma duka biyu suke yi mutanen da ke kusa da su sha wahala. Muna buƙatar koyo don gano masu bautar gumaka don kare kanmu daga waɗannan mutane masu haɗari da rashin tausayi.

B: Masu wariyar launin fata suna da raunin son kai; yawan yarda da su ba komai bane face abin rufe fuska. Muna buƙatar samun ƙarin tausayawa masu ba da labari saboda sun ji rauni (koda kuwa ba za su yarda da hakan ba). Narcissists suna shan wahala kamar sauran mu.

Wanne daga cikin waɗannan kwatancen ya fi kusa da gaskiya?

Miller: Tunanina gabaɗaya sun fi dacewa da zaɓin A a cikin cewa narcissism da psychopathy suna "kusa da maƙwabci" wanda ya haɗu sosai. Abin sha'awa, wataƙila saboda inda aka saba yin karatun su da kuma yadda hakan ya shafi ka’idojin farko (narcissism: theories by psychodynamic theorists; psychopathy: forensic settings), akwai kadan daga cikin “raunin” ko “abin rufe fuska” ra’ayi don tabin hankali wanda aka samu don haka akai -akai don narcissism wanda muke haifar da mummunan motsin rai (misali, kunya, bacin rai; jin rashi) wanda ke haifar da girman -ra'ayoyin da har yanzu ba su sami tallafi mai ƙarfi ba duk da kasancewar su a cikin asibiti da kuma ra'ayoyin narcissism. Ina tsammanin mutum na iya jin tausayin mutanen narcissistic da psychopathic (kodayake yana iya zama da wahala) idan mutum ya gane cutarwar da suke yiwa kansu har ma da wasu kuma da alama akwai wani mataki mai ma'ana na dyscontrol a wasa.

Emamzadeh: Kalma ɗaya da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana wariyar launin fata, musamman a cikin adabi/adabi, shine girman kai . Kalmar girma ta bayyana daban-daban a matsayin mahimmancin kai, haɓaka kai, da jin fifiko. Amma banbanci tsakanin girman kai da girman kai da alama yana da alaƙa, tare da girman da ke nuna “wuce gona da iri” ko “wuce gona da iri”. Idan wannan gaskiya ne, to ta yaya za mu iya tantancewa - ko wanda ya ƙaddara - dace darajar kai?

Miller: Wannan babbar tambaya ce, wacce zan fara gujewa da farko. Zan yi jayayya cewa babban narcissism da girman kai girman kai abubuwa ne daban-daban duk da alama sun haɗu. Kwanan nan mun gudanar da cikakken kwatancen kwatancen gine -ginen biyu a kan samfuran 11 (da kusan mahalarta 5000) kuma mun sami wasu kamanceceniya da mahimman bambance -bambancen da yawa. ⁶ Gine -ginen biyu suna da alaƙa ne kawai (r ≈ .30), don haka suna da nisa sosai daga musanya. Dangane da kamanceceniya, mutanen da ke da girman kai da/ko manyan narcissism suna raba sahihi, mai fita, sahihiyar salon hulɗar mutane. Dangane da bambance-bambancen, duk da haka, girman kai shine gabaɗaya mai daidaitawa dangane da ma'amala tsakanin mutane (alaƙa da wasu) da haɗin kai na cikin gida (misali, ƙasa da ƙima don samun ƙwarewar ciki ko na waje na alamun bayyanar cututtuka) alhali narcissism yana da tarin ma'amala tsakanin mutane. . Mun yi imanin wannan ya samo asali ne ta hanyar hulɗa tsakanin mutane ba tare da wani abu ba wanda a cikin mutane masu rikon amana suka yi imanin cewa za a iya samun “mai nasara” ɗaya a cikin kowane hulɗar da aka bayar (misali, mafi wayo, mafi matsayi, mafi ƙarfi) yayin da mutane masu girman kai. daraja amma ba narcissism suna da ikon yin tunanin kansu da wasu a cikin kyawawan halaye (duba kuma Brummelman, Thomaes, & Sedikides, 2016). ⁷

Karatun Mahimmancin Narcissism

Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa: Abubuwan da Muke Yi don Mai Nishaɗi