Dalilin da yasa Mahimmancin Farin Ciki yake: Hoto Tensor Diffusion

Menene hoton tensor diffusion?

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sabuwar dabara ce ta hoton hoton maganadisu (MRI) wanda aka tsara don kimanta ƙungiyar axonal na kwakwalwa ta hanyar watsawar anisotropic. Maganin axonal yana nufin farin abu a cikin kwakwalwa. DTI yana amfani da motsi mai zafi na Brownian na ƙwayoyin ruwa don tantance ƙungiyar axonal, tare da ra'ayin cewa ƙwayoyin ruwa suna yaɗuwa da yardar kaina a cikin babbar hanyar axon, maimakon a ƙetare su. Matsakaicin adadin watsawa a duk faɗin farar fata an tsara shi a hoto na ƙarshe.

Me yasa DTI yake da mahimmanci?

Ba kamar ƙarin hanyoyin a tsaye na hoton kwakwalwa ba, DTI na iya ɗaukar hoto na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) da sauran hadaddun tsarin da aka tsara a wajen CNS. DTI yana ba mu damar sanin wurin, daidaituwa da rashin isasshen fakitin fararen fata. Cerebral white matter ya ƙware a cikin haɗin kai, yana mai da mahimmanci don kammala yawancin ayyukan tunani da ɗabi'a. Musamman, farar fata ta haɗu da yankuna na kwakwalwa, ta ƙare a wasan kwaikwayon hanyoyin tunani da ayyuka daban -daban. Rushewa ga farar fata na iya haifar da hargitsi a cikin ɗabi'a da aiki na hankali. Falsafar da ke cikinta ita ce cortices suna aiki tare don aiwatar da halaye daban -daban da ayyukan tunani, kuma ta haka yana yiwuwa masu bincike kamar su schizophrenia - waɗanda ke nuna alamun ɓarna na tunani da ɗabi'a - wataƙila sakamakon raunin fararen fata.

Aikace -aikacen asibiti na DTI a Schizophrenia da Psychoses masu dangantaka

Macroscopically, farar fata ta ƙunshi tarin fiber iri daban -daban kamar fibers na ƙungiya, fibers tsinkaye, da firam ɗin gama gari. Don oda mafi girma da ayyuka na zartarwa (watau mafi rikitarwa na tunani da ayyukan ɗabi'a) ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da firam ɗin gama gari suna da mahimmanci. Fiberungiyar ƙungiya tana tafiya a tsakanin sassan jikin mutum yayin da fibers ɗin ke tafiya ko'ina cikin sassan duniya. An yi rikodin abubuwan da ba a saba da su ba a tsarin tsarin fararen fata da aiki a lokuta na schizophrenia da psychoses masu alaƙa. A zahiri, ka'idodin neurodevelopmental na schizophrenia suna ba da shawarar demyelination - ko kuma tsarin abin da myelin sheath wanda ke sutura axons da hanzarta siginar atrophies - yayin ƙuruciya da ƙuruciya shine tushen dalilin. A zahiri, an lura da cututtukan cututtukan fararen fata a cikin mutane da ke fama da cutar schizophrenia a duk faɗin ƙungiyoyi da firam ɗin gama gari, yana shafar yankuna biyu na cortical da subcortical. Ba wai kawai waɗannan rikice -rikicen fararen fata sun dace da alamun tabin hankali ba, amma sun bayyana suna lissafin raunin fahimi da aka lura a cikin schizophrenia.

Haɗa Amfani da DTI zuwa Schizophrenia da Dementia

Dementia kalma ce ta laima da ake amfani da ita don bayyana cututtukan da aka yi alama ta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sauran wuraren raguwar hankali. Ba za a iya musanta kamanceceniya tsakanin schizophrenia da nau'o'in tabin hankali ba. Wannan haka yake musamman a lokutan bambance -bambancen ɗabi'a na ɗabi'a ta gaba -gaba, cutar Parkinson, da dementias na sakandare zuwa bugun jini inda akwai alamun tabin hankali. DTI ta nuna cewa kamanceceniya a tsakanin cututtuka baya ƙarewa a cikin bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti, amma kuma suna ci gaba da ɗimbin yawa dangane da hanyoyin fararen fata masu ƙyama. Lokacin yin la’akari da ci gaban farar fata akan lokaci, waɗannan kamannin sun zama masu dacewa. Farin abu, sabanin launin toka, baya cika ci gaba har zuwa shekaru da yawa bayan haihuwa, da atrophies a cikin sannu a hankali da daidaituwa a cikin tsufa (watau da alama muna da ƙarancin farar fata duka a farkon da ƙarshen rayuwarmu idan aka kwatanta zuwa launin toka). Dukansu schizophrenia da dementia alama ce ta fara dogaro da shekaru. Mai yiyuwa ne cututtukan cututtukan fararen fata na iya yin lissafin alamun tabin hankali, rashi na hankali, da farkon dogaro da shekaru da aka gani a schizophrenia da dementia.

Me yasa Farin Ciki yake da mahimmanci (da DTI)?

Bayan aikace-aikacen sa na bayyane na taswirar jijiyoyin jiki da kuma shirin pre-neurosurgical, DTI yana ba mu hangen nesa cikin yankin da ba a gano ba. Har zuwa DTI, ba a iya tantance farar fata da kyau ba, kuma ba a san yawancin mahimmancin asibiti ba. Ganin muhimmiyar rawar da farar fata ke takawa a cikin rashin lafiyar hankali da jijiyoyin jiki, DTI na iya fayyace yanayi da abubuwan da ke haifar da bincike kamar schizophrenia, cikin fatan cewa wannan ƙarin bayani na iya inganta ingantattun hanyoyin shiga, dabarun rigakafin, da sakamakon magani.

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Shim, G., Choi, K. Y., Kim, D., Suh, S.I, Lee, S., Jeong, H. G., & Jeong, B. (2017). Tsinkayar aikin neurocognitive tare da kundin hippocampal da ma'aunin DTI a cikin marasa lafiya da cutar Alzheimer da raunin hankali. Brain da hali, 7(9), e00766.