Zafin Ostracization: Makamin Silent na Bully

# 1. Menene Kaifin Kiyayya Ya Kamata?

Ostracization, ko keɓe mutum ta wani mutum ko ƙungiya, dabara ce ta gama gari na masu cin zarafin aiki. Yana aiki azaman makamin shiru, yana da wuyar suna, yana da wuyar kira, kuma yana cutar da lafiyar tunanin mutum da ikon biyan buƙatun a wurin aiki. Jin ƙin ƙarfafawa yana da ƙarfi kuma yana haifar da sauri, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin binciken bincike ta amfani da Cyberball, wasan ƙwallon da aka ƙera na komputa wanda ba zato ba tsammani aka cire shi daga wasa.

Tsarin wariyar launin fata, a cewar Kipling Williams, Babban Farfesa na Ilimin halayyar ɗan Adam a Jami'ar Purdue kuma ƙwararren masani a fagen, ya bi tsarin matakai uku da ake kira Model Model Temporal Model. Ya fara ne da mataki mai sassaucin ra'ayi wanda a cikin sa ake buƙatar muhimman buƙatun mallakar, girman kai, iko, da rayuwa mai ma'ana. Mataki na Nunawa ko jimrewa na gaba, inda manufa ke tantance lalacewar kuma tana iya ƙoƙarin sake kafa haɗin ta hanyar bin ƙa'idodin ƙungiya ko yin fushi da cin zarafi da neman ɗaukar fansa. Idan an tsawaita keɓewa, makasudin ya shiga matakin Murabus, inda yakan sha jin rashin cancanta, rashin bege, da ɓacin rai.

#2. Me yasa Masu Zargin Wurin Aiki Suna Amfani da Ostracization azaman Makami?

Mai wuyar tabbatarwa, mai sauƙin shiga ciki, kuma mai ɓarna a cikin tasiri, ƙetare dabara ce da aka fi so na masu cin zarafin wuraren aiki. A cewar Williams, "cirewa ko nuna wariya wani nau'in zalunci ne da ba a iya gani wanda baya barin raunuka, sabili da haka sau da yawa muna raina tasirin sa." Kebewar zamantakewa yana kai hari ga maƙasudin mallakar, yana lalata hanyar sadarwar ta, kuma yana hana kwararar bayanan da ake buƙata don samun nasarar kammala ayyukan da ayyuka. Don yin abin da ya fi jan hankalin masu cin zarafin wuraren aiki, bincike ya nuna cewa kyamar cutar tana yaduwa. Tsoron wariyar jama'a yana da mahimmanci, yawancin masu halarta za su ɗauki halayen mai cin zarafin, tare da tabbatar da kasancewar su "cikin-rukuni", sabanin haɗarin yiwuwar ɗaukar fansa ga ƙa'idodin ƙungiyar. Da zarar an gano maƙasudi don keɓewa, taro -taro na iya biyo baya, yana ƙarfafa zafi da iyakancewar wariya.

# 3. Me Ya Sa Cin Hanci Da Rashawa Yake Cutarwa?

A cewar Robert Sapolsky, masanin ilimin neuroendocrinologist a Jami'ar Stanford kuma wanda ya karɓi Gidauniyar MacArthur Genius Grant, zafin nuna wariya ya zama kamar juyin halitta. Mu halittun zamantakewa ne ta dabi'a. A cikin daji, zama na ƙungiya ya zama dole don rayuwa, kuma tafiya ita kaɗai tana barin mu mai saukin kamuwa da rauni da mutuwa. Zafin nuna wariya na iya zama kayan aikin juyin halitta don faɗakar da mu cewa muna cikin haɗari.

Wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata sau da yawa suna cewa wariyar tana da rauni, kwatancen da ya dace yana fitowa bisa ga Eisenberger, Lieberman, da Williams waɗanda bincikensu ya nuna cewa warewa yana kunna cingulate na baya na baya da insula na gaba, yanki ɗaya na kwakwalwa da ke haskakawa sakamakon na ciwon jiki. Suna tunanin "jin zafi na zamantakewa kwatankwacin aikin neurocognitive ne ga ciwon jiki, yana faɗakar da mu lokacin da muka sami rauni ga dangantakar mu ta zamantakewa, yana ba da damar ɗaukar matakan gyara."

#4. Ta yaya Ostracization ke Inganta daidaituwa, Stifle Creativity, da Karfafa Fuskar?

Halayen ma'aikata da ayyukansa na taimakawa wajen samar da al'adun wuraren aiki da ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi na mallaka. Parks da Stone sun gano cewa al'adu tare da tsauraran ƙa'idodi, waɗanda ke hana masu adawa, wani lokacin za su fitar da mutanen da ke yin babban aiki kuma suna nuna son kai a aikace. Suna hasashen irin waɗannan ma'aikatan suna haɓaka mashahuran da yawa, sun zarce samar da aiki da ƙa'idodin kerawa, kuma suna sa wasu abokan aiki su ji ba su da kyau game da kansu saboda ba su kasance masu kula da wasu ba. Don sake kafa memba na ƙungiya, ana matsa wa babban mai yin wasan ya yi ƙarami ko ya yi murabus, ya ci gaba da haifar da taƙaddama kuma wani lokacin mai guba al'adun wurin aiki.

Cialdini (2005), farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar Arizona, ya gano sau da yawa muna ƙin tasirin tasirin tasirin zamantakewa. Lokacin da munanan halaye ke yaɗuwa a cikin ƙungiya, dangane da hulɗar ƙwararru da yanke shawarar da'a, ma'aikata sun fi dacewa su bi. Wane ne ke haɗarin zama abin ƙyama da sunan yin magana game da rashin adalci? Kenny (2019), a cikin sabon littafin ta Fusata: Zuwa Sabon Ka'idar , wanda Jami'ar Harvard ta buga, ya gano cewa ma'aikatan da ke daraja adalci da adalci akan aminci da daidaituwa sukan kasance waɗanda ke ba da rahoton cin zarafi da keta dokoki da ɗabi'a.

Whistleblowing, a cewar aikin karatun Alford, yana da babban sakamako, gami da warewar fansa a cikin hanyar barin taro, yanke daga fasaha, da ware jiki. Kodayake ana yawan yin bukukuwan farin ciki a cikin manyan al'umma saboda ƙarfin hali, ana iya azabtar da jarumtarsa ​​a wurin aiki, kamar yadda mai ƙyamar ya zana ta a matsayin karkatacciya kuma yana haifar da hargitsi don karkatar da batutuwan da ta kira. Miceli, Kusa, Rehg, da van Scotter sun sami saɓon muryoyin masu ƙarfin hali suma azaman gargaɗi ne ga sauran ma'aikatan da ke iya neman gaskiya cikin yanke shawara da adalci don aikata ba daidai ba. Tasirin keɓewa a kan masu fallasa yana da mahimmanci, yana haifar da mutanen da ke da lafiya a baya su fuskanci ɓacin rai, damuwa, bacin rai, da tsoro.

#5. Wadanne Kayan aiki Akwai don Taimakawa Manufofin Tattaunawa da Ostracization?

Aikin sau da yawa yana ba da da'irar tallafin zamantakewa wanda ya wuce bangon ofis. Lokacin da wurin aiki ya yi wa dandazon mutane zagon kasa kuma ya matsa lamba wasu su shiga cikin kebewa, makasudin zai iya cika da jin kin amincewa. Don dawo da ƙafar ƙafa da samun nutsuwa da tallafi, bincike ya nuna akwai wurare da yawa don juyawa don ta'aziyya.

Ma'aikatan da ke kula da cikakken rayuwa a waje da ofis kuma suna haɓaka alaƙa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin abokai daban -daban suna samar da wani tsari na kariya daga tasirin wariya. Familyan uwa da ƙungiyoyi sun kafa a kusa da ayyuka kamar su abubuwan sha'awa, motsa jiki, da samuwar addini suna taimakawa wajen sa manufa ta zama ƙasa da ware. Lokacin da zaman jama'a na waɗanda abin ya shafa ya yanke su, hanyoyin sadarwar su na waje suna taimaka musu don biyan buƙatunsu na yau da kullun.

Molet, Macquet, Lefebvre, da Williams sun sami aikin tunani don zama dabarar amfani don rage zafin wariya. Ta hanyar motsa jiki na numfashi, maƙasudai suna koyon yadda ake mai da hankali kan yanzu maimakon yin nadama kan raɗaɗin raɗaɗin da aka ware su a wurin aiki.

Derrick, Gabriel, da Hugenberg suna ba da shawarar mataimakan zamantakewa, ko alaƙa na alama waɗanda ke ba da tunani maimakon haɗin jiki, na iya taimakawa don rage zafin wariya. Masu ba da shawara na zamantakewa sun fada cikin ɗayan rukuni uku. Akwai Parasocial, wanda muke yin haɗin kai ɗaya ga mutanen da ba mu sani ba a zahiri amma waɗanda ke kawo mana farin ciki, kamar kallon jarumar da aka fi so a fim ko jin daɗin kide-kide da wani mawaƙin ƙaunatacce. Na gaba, akwai Duniyar Zamani, inda muke samun tserewa da nutsuwa ta hanyar jigilarwa zuwa wata sararin samaniya ta littattafai da talabijin, kamar, sanya kan mu cikin CS Lewis's Narnia. A ƙarshe, akwai Masu tuni na Wasu, inda muke amfani da hotuna, bidiyo na gida, abubuwan tunawa, da haruffa don haɗawa da mutanen da muke ƙauna da waɗanda suke son mu.

An kuma nuna masu ba da agaji na zamantakewa don amfanar waɗanda abin ya shafa, waɗanda ke neman ta'aziyya daga ayyuka da al'adu, maimakon buɗe kansu don hulɗar ɗan adam wanda zai iya jefa su cikin haɗarin sake tashin hankali.

Kodayake wasu suna ɗauka jingina kan masu maye gurbin zamantakewa alama ce ta ɓarna da rashi a cikin ɗabi'a, bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa masu haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa suna da alaƙa da haɓaka tausayawa, girman kai, da sauran halayen prosocial na lafiya ci gaban ɗan adam.

A taƙaice, wariya yana cutarwa, yana yaduwa, kuma yana da tasiri na dindindin akan wanda aka azabtar. Ana iya amfani da ayyukan keɓewa don tilasta ƙa'idojin ƙungiya mai guba da hana ma'aikata yin magana game da keta da'a da rashin adalci. Ostracization, a cikin ginshiƙansa, yana ɗauke wa mutane muhimman buƙatunsu na mallakar, girman kai, iko, da neman rayuwa mai ma'ana. Bai kamata aiki yayi zafi ba.

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