ABCs na Shaidun-tushen Magunguna (EBTs) don Yara

Sofia Cardenas, ɗalibar da ta kammala karatun digiri a cikin shirin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya na USC Psychology ta ba da gudummawar wannan baƙo.

Kun karanta duk shafukan yanar gizo na iyaye kuma kuna fara zargin cewa yaronku yana buƙatar taimako don yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Kuna samun kanku akan layi, gungurawa ta hanyoyi da yawa na zaɓuɓɓukan magani. Shin yakamata ku gwada Far Therapy? Wataƙila magani na iya ɗaukar gefen alamun? Me game da wani abin da ya fi “na halitta” kamar lu'ulu'u don buɗe tushen chakra na ɗanku da tsaftace su? Zaɓuɓɓuka suna da yawa, ɗanka yana buƙatar taimako, kuma za ku gwada kusan komai a wannan lokacin muddin yana taimakawa!

Anyi nufin wannan labarin a matsayin jagora don ba ku makamai da ilimi don yin zaɓuɓɓuka masu fa'ida, waɗanda kimiyya ta goyan bayan game da makomar lafiyar kwakwalwar ɗanku. Ka tuna tuntuɓi likitan iyalinka da aka amince da shi ko ƙwararren masanin lafiyar kwakwalwa lokacin yanke shawara kan matakin ƙarshe.

Maganganun Shaida (EBTs). Menene su?

Kwararrun lafiyar kwakwalwa (kamar masu tabin hankali, masana halayyar ɗan adam, ma'aikatan zamantakewa, aure da masu ilimin iyali) na iya amfani da hanyoyi daban -daban don taimakawa yara da abokan cinikin matasa da alamun lafiyar hankali. "Magunguna na tushen shaida" (EBTs) dabaru ne waɗanda aka gwada su a cikin tsarin kimiyya kuma an nuna suna aiki. Wasu jiyya -kamar farfaɗar da rayuwar baya da aka bayar a ɗakin yoga na gida - ba a gwada su da ƙarfi ba. Me yasa wannan abin yake? EBTs magani ne wanda ke da shaidar kimiyya da ke goyan bayan tasirin su, wanda ke nufin wataƙila za su iya taimaka wa ɗanka. Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka sun lissafa EBTs a matsayin 'waɗanda aka fi so' da 'mafi kyawun aiki' don kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Don ingantaccen misali, duba aikin Dr. Philip Kendall da Muniya Khanna. Sun ƙirƙiri shirin Tatsuniyoyin Yara, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan horo 10 waɗanda ke koyar da iyaye dabaru don taimaka wa yaransu da damuwa. An gina Tatsuniyar Damuwa da Yara a shekaru da yawa na bincike akan damuwar yara kuma an ɗauka yana da amfani a gwajin bincike.

Shin girman EBT ɗaya yayi daidai? Ko magunguna daban -daban suna aiki don cuta daban -daban?

EBTs galibi an tsara su don yin niyya ga takamaiman alamun alamun. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya lissafa wasu misalai na EBTs don wasu cututtukan yara na yau da kullun. Kuna iya lura da yanayin - bambance -bambancen daban -daban na hanyoyin kwantar da hankali (CBTs) da alama suna taimakawa rikice -rikice iri -iri. CBT tana mai da hankali kan ra'ayin cewa tunani, ji, da halaye suna da alaƙa sosai, don haka canza ɗayan waɗannan fannoni (misali, halaye) na iya nufin haɓakawa a wani (misali, ji).

Misali, CBT wanda aka kera don Ciwo na Panic yana aiki don ganowa, ƙalubale, da gyara ra'ayoyin da ke riƙe da alamun firgita a kusa, alal misali, jin tsoron yanayin jiki wanda ke haifar da firgici, wanda daga baya ya zama cikakken hari.Techniqueaya daga cikin dabarun CBT don rage alamun firgici shine fallasawa, wanda ake ƙarfafa yaron (tare da goyan bayan ƙwararren masanin lafiyar kwakwalwa) don fuskantar abin da ya faru ko alamun jikin da suke jin tsoro a cikin yanayin rayuwa (misali, tafiya shi kaɗai a cikin aiki mall ko ɗaga hannayensu a aji) da gogewar jiki (misali, numfashi ta cikin bambaro don ƙirƙirar jin daɗin haɓaka, alama ta zahiri na fargaba).

Yawancin yara suna da rikice -rikice (watau, samun yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa sama da ɗaya). Jadawalin da ke sama ya haɗa da jiyya da Dokta John Weisz, farfesa na ilimin halin ɗabi'a na Harvard. Dokta Weisz ya ƙirƙiri MATCH-ADTC (Modular Approach to Therapy for Children with Anxiety, Depression, Trauma or Conduct Problems). MATCH-ADTC tsoma bakin tunani ne wanda aka tsara don kula da yara masu cutar tabin hankali fiye da ɗaya (watau, halin rushewa, damuwa bayan tashin hankali, ɓacin rai, da damuwa). Maganin yana da darussa 33 waɗanda za a iya haɗawa kuma su dace da takamaiman buƙatun yaro.

Ta yaya ake tallafawa Maganganun Shaida (EBTs) ta hanyar kimiyya? Gwajin asibiti!

Kafin a ɗauki magani “tushen-hujja,” dole ne a gudanar da binciken bincike na mutum ɗaya don ganin ko wasu hanyoyin magani suna taimakawa ga matsalar lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ana kiran waɗannan karatun “gwajin asibiti,” kuma galibi sun ƙunshi aƙalla mahalarta bincike goma sha biyu a kowane binciken. Waɗannan mahalarta binciken suna da irin wannan matsalar, kamar matakan asibiti na rashin bacci na yau da kullun, bacin rai, ko damuwa. Mahalarta binciken ana “ba da izini” don karɓar Jiyya X ko Jiyya Y, wanda ke nufin an zaɓe su ta hanyar da bazuwar zuwa magani ɗaya da wani. Idan Jiyya Y tana taimaka wa yara fiye da Jiyya X, to Jiyya Y ta sami wani tallafi ko shaidar ingancin sa. A tsawon lokaci, ƙarin masu bincike za su yi ƙoƙarin maimaita irin waɗannan binciken a cikin gwaji daban -daban na asibiti. A lokacin da ake ɗaukar magani a matsayin EBT, yana da goyon bayan bincike wanda ke nuna cewa yana da taimako don magance cutar da aka bayar. Idan Jiyya Y ta ci gaba da fa'ida, yana iya zama magani na "daidaitaccen zinare", wanda ke nufin an gane shi a bainar jama'a a matsayin mafi kyawun magani don takamaiman yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Idan ɗanka ko matashi na iya sha'awar kasancewa wani ɓangare na gwajin asibiti don yiwuwar samun magani da kuma taimakawa ci gaban kimiyya, zaku iya shiga gidan yanar gizon da Cibiyar Laburaren Magunguna ta Ƙasa ta ƙirƙiri don samun cikakken jerin duk gwajin asibiti da ake gudanarwa. a Amurka da wasu kasashe 208.

Kuna son duba bayanan da kanku? Koyi abubuwan yau da kullun don bincika kimiyyar bayan gwajin asibiti

Anan akwai matakai biyu da suka wajaba:

Mataki 1: Nemo takardun bincike

Wannan matakin yana da sauƙi, amma yana da wahala fiye da yadda kuke zato saboda ana buga takardu a cikin mujallu na bincike waɗanda ba lallai ne a buɗe su ga jama'a ba. Muna ba da shawarar cewa ku fara gwada amfani da Google Scholar, injin bincike wanda aka tsara musamman don adabin ilimi. Bayan haka, zaku iya shigar da lokacin binciken da ya shafi batun ku mai ban sha'awa, kamar "jiyya ga baƙin ciki na yara" ko "tallafin dysphoria na jinsi," kuma zaku sami jerin labaran masanan da suka shafi batun ku. Yawancin waɗannan labaran za su lissafa take, marubuta, da ɗan taƙaitaccen bayanin takarda da abubuwan da ta gano. Abin takaici, a lokuta da yawa, ba za ku sami damar samun cikakkiyar takarda ta waɗannan gidajen yanar gizon ba.

Sa'ar al'amarin shine, masu bincike sun kasance masu buɗe ido game da raba binciken su kuma da yawa suna sanya labaran su akan ResearchGate, da gaske Facebook na kimiyya, inda masu bincike zasu iya raba takardu da haɗin gwiwa. Ana maraba da ku don bincika shafin yanar gizon mai bincike don ganin idan sun sanya labarin ga jama'a ko wani rukunin yanar gizon da ke ɗaukar nauyin shirye -shirye, kamar PsyArxiv. Kuna iya tuntuɓar mai bincike kai tsaye ta hanyar adireshin imel ɗin su na hukuma don tambaya idan suna son raba aikin su tare da ku.

Yana iya zama kamar aiki mai yawa ne don nemo labarai, amma yana da ƙima tunda labarin da aka buga a cikin mujallu an “sake nazarin ɗan adam,” ma'ana wani rukunin masana kimiyya sun sake nazarin aikin marubutan kuma suna ganin kimiyya ce mai tsauri. Waɗannan masana za su kimanta duk fannonin binciken - ƙira, ƙididdigar da aka yi amfani da su, har ma da yadda aka tattauna sakamakon - don tabbatar da ingancin kimiyya. Wannan duka tsari na iya ɗaukar watanni zuwa shekaru, amma da zarar binciken ya fito daga bita na tsara, za ku iya samun ƙarin kwarin gwiwa cewa sakamakon shine kimiyyar inganci mafi girma.

Mataki na 2: Karanta takardun bincike da ido don kimiyya

Da zarar kun sami damar yin amfani da takardar bincike akan gwajin asibiti, zaku iya fara tantance ingancin binciken. Anan akwai wasu abubuwa da yakamata ku nema:

1. Yawan mutanen da ke cikin fitinar - Lokacin kimantawa gwaji na asibiti, adadin mutanen da ke cikin binciken yana da mahimmanci. Yawancin gwaje-gwajen asibiti da aka gudanar da kyau za su sami babban samfurin samfuri tare da mutane 50 zuwa 100 kowace ƙungiya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa sakamakon bai kasance ba saboda matsanancin hali a cikin rukunin mutane a cikin binciken.

2. Tsarin Bincike - Yana da mahimmanci don tantance ƙirar bincike na karatun da ke tallafawa EBTs. Tsarin ƙirar zinare na binciken asibiti shine "gwajin makafi guda biyu da aka sarrafa." Wannan kalmar ita ce baki! Bari mu rushe shi.

Bazuwar -Yawancin gwajin asibiti an yi bazuwar su. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, bazuwar yana nufin cewa masu bincike sun sanya marasa lafiya zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban -daban, galibi ƙungiyar jiyya da ƙungiyar kulawa ko madadin magunguna. Bambanci yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa masu bincike ba sa son zuciya, kuma alal misali, sanya marasa lafiya a cikin ƙungiyar da suke tunanin za su yi mafi kyau. Hakanan, bazuwar yana ba masu bincike damar tabbatar da cewa wasu abubuwan da zasu iya shafar yadda magani ke aiki - kamar yanayin tattalin arziƙi, asalin launin fata, ko jinsi - an rarraba daidai gwargwado a cikin yanayi/ƙungiyoyi daban -daban a cikin binciken.

Sarrafa- Yawancin gwajin asibiti sun haɗa da ƙungiyar kwatanta. Ƙungiyar kwatancen tana karɓar placebo (watau babu magani mai aiki) ko wani magani. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga binciken saboda yana ba masu bincike damar duba sakamakon irin wannan rukuni na yara ko matasa waɗanda ba sa samun magani a ƙarƙashin bincike.

Makafi Biyu- Ba gwaji da yawa na asibiti ba ne makafi biyu. Amma karatun makafi biyu yana samun ƙarin “tauraron zinare” dangane da ƙirar kimiyya. Makafi biyu yana nufin cewa babu batutuwan da ke cikin gwaji ko mai gwajin da ya san ko ɗan takarar da aka ba yana cikin ƙungiyar kulawa ko ƙungiyar jiyya. Yana da wayo kasuwanci don cire binciken makafi biyu. Ko da hakane, gwajin makafi biyu yana taimakawa tabbatar da tsammanin mahalarta ko masu binciken cewa wani magani da aka bayar na iya aiki ko ba zai yi aiki ba ba zai iya nuna wariyar launin fata ba yayin binciken.

Kai ne mafi kyawun mai ba da shawara, kuma yanzu kuna da wasu dabarun asali don duba bayanan da kanku. Muna fatan za ku ji ƙaramin ƙarfi don ganin idan binciken ya kai matsayin ku!

A ina za a sami sabbin shaidu akan EBTs?

Anan akwai wasu manyan albarkatu don taimaka muku ci gaba da shafuka akan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali:

Magunguna na Ilimin Ilimin Ilimin Bincike

Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru da Ƙwarewa