Muhimman Cututtuka 4 Na Skeletal System

Wadatacce

• Waɗannan su ne manyan cututtukan da ke shafar ƙashi a cikin mutane.
• Cututtuka 4 na tsarin kwarangwal: tushen tsarin mu yana cikin haɗari
• 1. Osteoporosis
• 2. Osteogenesis imperfecta
• 3. Cututtukan kwayoyin cuta
• 4. Ciwon daji
• Kammalawa

Waɗannan su ne manyan cututtukan da ke shafar ƙashi a cikin mutane.

Tsarin kwarangwal yana ba mu 'yan adam damar more' yancin motsi, matsayi da dangantaka da muhalli daga mahangar inji. Wannan tsarin haɗin gwiwar ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 206 daban -daban, adadi wanda ba sakaci ba idan muka yi la'akari da nauyi da tsayin jinsin mu.

Don haka, kwarangwal yana wakiltar jimlar 12% na nauyin mutum mai girma. A cikin mutum mai kilo 75, wannan ya yi daidai da kilo 9 na tsarin kashi. Don sanya wannan adadi daidai, cibiyar umurnin jijiya (kwakwalwa) tana auna matsakaicin kilo da kaɗan.

Babu shakka kwarangwal yana ba da damar wanzuwa kamar yadda muka sani a yau. Bayan haka , menene jinsin mu zai kasance idan ba za mu iya tsayawa a tsaye ba? Abin takaici, akwai cututtuka da yawa na tsarin kwarangwal da za a yi la’akari da su a duk tsawon rayuwar babban mutum.

Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin wannan sarari za mu mai da hankali kan cututtukan kashi zalla, wato galibi suna shafar tsarin kashi. Cututtuka irin su osteoarthritis, gout ko pseudogout na iya haifar da lalacewar kashi, amma yana shafar tsarin guringuntsi a farkon matakan sa. Anan muke gabatarwa manyan cututtuka na tsarin kashin zalla yana da alaƙa da ƙashin ƙashi.

Cututtuka 4 na tsarin kwarangwal: tushen tsarin mu yana cikin haɗari

Da farko ya zama wajibi a lura da hakan cututtuka da cututtuka na musculoskeletal sun fi yawa fiye da yadda ake tsammani da farko. Hukumar lafiya ta duniya (WHO) ta jefa jerin adadi masu ban sha'awa game da batun:

Daga haihuwa zuwa shekaru 20, jiki yana hadawa kuma yana kara yawan kasusuwa fiye da yadda aka lalata ta hanyar mutuwa da sutura. Yayin da lokaci ke tafiya, jiki na iya ajiye kashi da sauri kamar yadda ya ɓace, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli daban -daban daga mahangar ƙashi. Kodayake gaskiya ne cewa tsofaffi sune shekarun da galibinsu ke fuskantar irin wannan cutar, ba su kaɗai ba. Anan ne cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan kwarangwal.

1. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis shine mafi yawan nau'in cutar kashi. Yana faruwa a lokacin da jiki ya rushe nama fiye da yadda zai iya maye gurbinsa, wanda ke raunana kasusuwa kuma yana inganta rauni da karaya. A cikin Spain kawai, ana zargin wannan cutar don karaya 500,000 da kuma zaman asibiti 800,000 a shekara. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an ƙiyasta cewa da shekaru 79, 40% na mata suna fama da lalatacciyar ƙashi.

A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, wannan cutar ta zama hukuma a cikin mutum yayin gabatarwa ƙimar ma'adinai na kashi (BMD) ƙasa da ko daidai da daidaitaccen daidaiton 2.5 a ƙasa da matsakaicin kashi na lafiyayyun shekaru 20. Wannan ilimin cututtukan yana ƙarfafa porosity kashi (saboda haka sunan sa), amma yana da asymptomatic har sai raunin ya faru.

Baya ga tsufa (muhimmin mahimmanci) akwai wasu sigogi na zahiri waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka ci gaban osteoporosis a cikin mutum, kamar ciwon daji na kashi, wasu nau'ikan jiyyar cutar sankara, tarihin dangi, hanyoyin maganin steroid ko tsawan lokacin rashin aiki na jiki. Ya kamata a lura cewa mata suna da mafi girman tsinkaye ga wannan cututtukan, tunda bayan menopause akwai rashin daidaituwa a cikin matakan estrogen, hormone wanda ke taimakawa kula da ƙashi.

2. Osteogenesis imperfecta

Gabaɗaya muna canza yanayin, saboda kamar yadda osteoporosis cuta ce da ke amsa lalacewar jiki a cikin mutum kuma yana faruwa ta hanyar da ta saba, osteogenesis imperfecta ana haifar da maye gurbi kuma ana ɗaukarsa cuta ce mai wuya.

Kashi 90% na lokuta na wannan cuta ana haifar da maye gurbi na autosomal, kuma gaba ɗaya yana shafar ɗayan jarirai 15,000. Wannan ilimin cututtukan yana da alaƙa da yaɗuwar ƙwayar cuta mai haɗaɗɗen jijiyoyin jini, wanda galibi ke haifar da ƙarancin kira da jigilar collagen (furotin mai mahimmanci). Abin baƙin cikin shine, mutumin da ke da osteogenesis imperfecta yana da damar 50% na wucewa ga ɗansu ko 'yarsu.

Wannan Pathology yana fassara cikin raunin kashi na madaidaicin bakan, wanda zai iya bayyana kansa tare da raunin kashi mara kyau ba tare da bayyanannun bayanai ba. Kamar yadda osteoporosis ita ce sarauniyar cututtuka na tsarin kasusuwa, osteogenesis imperfecta ana ɗauka banbancin rashin sa'a.

3. Cututtukan kwayoyin cuta

Mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa, kamar yadda nama ne na salon salula da na halitta (komai yawan ma'adanai da ke ƙunshe da yadda yake da wuya), ƙwayoyin cuta ma na iya shafar kashi. Wannan shine lamarin osteomyelitis, wanda ke haifar da kumburi Staphylococcus aureus kwayoyin cuta a cikin kashi 90% na kamuwa da cuta.

Muna ma'amala da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke zaune a cikin ƙashin ƙashi waɗanda galibi suka isa ta hanyar hematogenous, wato, ta hanyar jinin mai haƙuri. Da zarar kashi ya kamu, leukocytes sun shiga ciki da niyyar yakar kwayoyin cutar, amma a hanya suna sakin enzymes wanda ke kawo karshen lalata kashin.

Juyin da ciwon ya haifar yana yaduwa ta cikin jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke ba da kashi, yana haifar da kumburi da hana isowar abubuwan gina jiki da iskar oxygen zuwa ƙwayoyin kashin. Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, wannan yana haifar da mutuwar sel da necrosis na yankin da abin ya shafa. Tabbas, muna fuskantar cutar cututtukan yanayi mara daɗi, wanda kuma yana iya buƙatar maganin rigakafi na makonni ko watanni saboda wahalar kawar da shi.

A ƙarshe, a cikin mawuyacin hali, ana iya buƙatar tiyata don cire ƙashin ƙashi. Wannan daga baya an cika shi da wani roba ko tsintsiya, wanda ke motsa warkarwa da murmurewa daga yankin da abin ya shafa. Kamar sauran cututtuka masu tsanani na kwayan cuta, alamun kamuwa da ƙashi ana bayyana su da farko tare da zazzabi, rawar jiki da rashin lafiya a ɓangaren majiyyaci.

4. Ciwon daji

Kamar yadda ba zai iya zama akasin haka ba, ga alama hakan babu wani nama tare da rabewar sel da aka hana yiwuwar haɓaka ƙwayar cutar kansa. Kasusuwa ba su da bambanci, saboda suna ɗauke da sel masu rai waɗanda za su iya rarrabuwar kawuna ta hanyar maye gurbi mara kyau, wanda ke haifar da mummunan cutar kansa.

Osteosarcoma shine mafi yawan bambancin wannan cuta, kuma galibi yana shafar matasa tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 19, tunda kawai kashi 10% na waɗanda abin ya shafa sun haura shekaru 60. Irin wannan ƙwayar cuta galibi tana cikin kashin hannu, kafafu, da ƙashin ƙugu.

Ya kamata a lura cewa Yawancin nau'ikan cutar kansa suna haɓaka ƙashi, amma wannan baya nufin cewa muna ma'amala da cutar kansa kamar haka. Mummunan ƙwayar nono wanda ya bazu zuwa tsarin kwarangwal shine ƙwayar nono mai ƙyalli, ba kansar ƙashi ba cikin tsananin ma'ana.

Kammalawa

Kamar yadda muka gani, a cikin wannan sarari mun buga duk kungiyoyin da za su yiwu. Mun ba da misalin cutar ƙashi "na halitta", wani nau'in gado kuma abin mamaki, kashi na uku na asalin kamuwa da cuta kuma na ƙarshe saboda tsarin cutar kansa.

Tabbas, wannan yana ba da haske game da cututtukan cututtuka iri -iri waɗanda zasu iya shafar tsarin kwarangwal na ɗan adam. A kowane hali, alamun suna da yawa ko homoasa iri ɗaya a kusan dukkanin cututtukan cututtukan cuta: ana ganin mafi sauƙin sauƙi na karayar ƙasusuwa ko yuwuwar zafi da kumburi da ke cikin yankin da abin ya shafa.