Har yanzu Ana Jinkirtawa?

Wadatacce

• Karatu Mai Muhimmancin Karatu
• Sabanin Jinkiri

TSORO: Tausayawa ga wasu mutane da ke haifar da aiki, don magance batutuwan da ke gabansu. Wani lokaci muna kiran waɗannan mutanen “jarumai,” tunda da alama suna shiga cikin wuraren haɗari tare da tsoro suna mai da hankali kan wani abu ko wanin su.

TSORO: Tausayawa ga wasu mutane yana sa su daskarewa, sun kasa yin tunani a sarari, yin aiki da kyau, don fara ko kammala ayyuka. Wannan tunanin damuwa yana haifar da rashin yanke hukunci, rashin aiki, rashin aiki.

Tsoro na iya haifar da tambaya, "Har yanzu yana jinkirtawa?"

Menene jinkiri?

Bayan littattafan masana da labaran kimiyya kan jinkirtawa, kimanin shekaru goma da suka gabata na rubuta littafin da ke bita kan musabbabin da sakamakon, da wasu “cures” na tushen bayanai don jinkiri na dindindin. A duk tsawon shekarun nan, na gano cewa mutane da yawa har yanzu suna ganin jinkiri a matsayin rashin kulawar lokaci kawai, kamar malalaci ne. Da kyau, kamar yadda nake fada lokacin da nake magana da masu sauraro, "Kowa yana jinkirtawa, amma ba kowa bane mai jinkirtawa." Ma'anar jinkirtawa ya ɓullo yayin da aka bankado hanyoyin ilimin halin ɗabi'a da ke da alaƙa. A yau, mutane da yawa a cikin wannan filin binciken sun ce jinkirtawa shine makasudin jinkiri a farkon da/ko kammala aikin da aka nufa tare da jin rashin jin daɗi akan jinkirtawa. A takaice dai, mutumin yana da hankali yana jira, kuma yana jin ba daɗi game da shi.

Yayi, wannan aikin jinkirtawa ne, amma ga mutane da yawa, jinkiri shine salon ɓarna, hanyar rayuwa mara tasiri. Suna amfani da jinkiri don jimrewa da tserewa daga abin da suke buƙatar yi (tsoro?). Ya wuce jinkiri, jira, jinkirtawa, yin tunani - waɗannan suna dacewa idan kuma kawai idan mutum yayi aiki. Mai jinkirin jinkiri ba zai yi aiki ba; su manyan masu yin uzuri ne kuma suna barin wasu su “ba da belin su” daga lokacin ƙarshe; sun daskare cikin damuwar abin da wasu za su yi tunaninsu (ƙoƙarin kare martabar zamantakewa). Muna ba su uzuri, bari su “tsere da abin da ya kamata a yi,” saboda muna ganin rashin mutunci ne a riƙe wasu zuwa lokacin ƙarshe.

Yaya yawan jinkiri na yau da kullun yake?

Na ga marubutan kwanan nan suna iƙirarin cewa ƙimar jinkiri a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata yana ƙaruwa. Da girmamawa ban yarda ba. A cikin binciken da aka buga a 1991 na gano cewa kashi 20% na manyan mata kuma maza suna bayyana kansu a matsayin "masu jinkirin jinkiri," ma'ana suna nufin jinkirta ayyuka da gangan a gida, makaranta, aiki, cikin dangantaka, alƙawura, da sauransu Wannan shine salon rayuwarsu. Lura cewa ƙimar ta fi girma fiye da binciken ɓacin rai, shan kayan maye ko shan giya, fargaba, don suna kaɗan. Amma duk da haka mutane suna ɗaukar shi abin ban dariya, mai mahimmanci. Kuma a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata Na ga wannan ƙimar ta kasance mai daidaituwa a duk faɗin Amurka da duniya, a Ingila, Australia, Ireland, Kanada, Spain, Peru, Venezuela, Poland, Italiya, Austria, S. Korea, Japan, Turkey , Isra’ila, Saudi Arabiya, da Indiya don yin suna kaɗan.

Ina magana ne game da jinkiri na dindindin - ba halin jinkirta karatu kawai ba, samun canjin mai, ko tsaftacewa da dai sauransu. Misali, ɗalibi na iya jinkirta karanta rubutu ko karatu ko rubuta takarda - amma ba zai jinkirta ba idan akwai giya kyauta a cikin ɗakin kwana! Abin da ya sa muke jin cewa 70-75% (ba 95% ba, kamar yadda wasu ke iƙirarin yanzu) na ɗaliban kwaleji sun ba da rahoton cewa suna yin “jinkiri.” Dalibai suna magana ne game da takamaiman halayen da ba sa so su yi. Sha'awata ita ce game da waɗancan masu jinkirin 20% na yau da kullun, a kan ayyuka daban -daban na alhakin.

Yaduwar jinkiri bai tashi ba; a maimakon haka, kafofin watsa labarai har ma da masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna tattaunawa/nazarin batun sau da yawa. Lokacin da na yanke shawarar yin nazarin “proc” [kamar yadda na kira shi] don karatun digiri na a cikin 1988-89, kusan babu wani aikin da aka buga akan batun, kawai 'yan takardu kan' toshewar marubuci 'da' rashin sanin makamar aiki. ' A matsayina na masanin halayyar ɗan adam, ina son ƙarin sani game da wannan dabi'a ta kowa. Don haka na fara aikina don fahimta.

Me yasa mutane ke jinkirtawa?

Wannan ita ce babbar tambaya. A zahiri, an sami ra'ayoyi da bayanai da yawa. A cikin 2017, Tim Tibbett (sannan ɗalibin digiri a Texas A&M) kuma ni na buga ɗan taƙaitaccen yanki na encyclopedia akan nau'ikan/sanadin jinkirtawa; Ina gayyatar ku ku karanta. Hakanan, karanta littafina wanda ke haɗa batutuwan akan jinkiri.

Wasu masana suna da'awar jinkiri na yau da kullun shine tsarin gazawar kai. Mutane sun kasa daidaita ayyukan da yakamata a yi. Wannan gaskiya ne ga wasu mutane. Sauran malaman suna ganin jinkiri na dindindin a matsayin dabarar naƙasasshe, suna ɗora alhakin rashin aiki mara kyau akan wani abu mai ma'ana amma ban da kai. Gaskiya ne, ga wasu mutane. Har ila yau wasu masana sun ce jinkiri na dindindin shine sakamakon tsoro, damuwa, bacin rai, kamala, raunin hankali, ramuwar gayya, wuce gona da iri, da dai sauransu Wannan gaskiya ne, ga wasu mutane.

Don haka, menene shine dalilin? Ya danganta da ko kuna yin jinkiri a matsayin sanadi ko sakamako; ko binciko wani takamaiman aiki (kamar jinkirin da ya shafi ilimi da ake kira jinkirin ilimi) ko kuma halin ɗabi'a mai tasiri ga ingancin rayuwar mutum (kamar rashin yanke hukunci). Sama da duka, kar a bari tsoro hana ku zama ku.

Karatu Mai Muhimmancin Karatu

Sabanin Jinkiri