Har yanzu Alice? Har yanzu Alzheimer's

Wadatacce

• Mahimmancin Mahimmancin Dementia
• Dalilin da ya sa Kamun Kai Ya Kasa a Ciwo

"Wanene zai iya ɗaukar mu da mahimmanci yayin da muke nesa da wanda muke a da? Baƙon halayenmu da jimlolin jimla sun canza tunanin wasu game da mu da kuma tunanin kanmu. Mun zama abin dariya, m, mai ban dariya ... amma wannan ba shine wanda muke ba. Wannan cuta ce kuma kamar kowace cuta, tana da sanadi, tana da ci gaba, kuma tana iya samun waraka. ”

- Alice Howland, Har yanzu Alice

A farkon wannan shekarar, Julianne Moore ta lashe lambar yabo ta Academy for Best Actress in a Lead Role Role saboda hoton Alice Howland, jarumar shirin fim ɗin littafin Lisa Genova. Har yanzu Alice , game da wani farfesa na ilimin harshe wanda ke haɓaka farkon cutar Alzheimer. Ayyukan Moore sun nuna mana gwagwarmayar mace wacce asalin ta ya samo asali ne daga son harshe yayin da ƙwaƙwalwarta da ƙwarewar magana ta ɓace zuwa wani ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen neurons. Fim ɗin da kansa ya kawo wani haske maraba, da rayuwa, ga bala'in rashin hankali, rashin lafiya wanda wataƙila zai iya shafan mu duka a wani lokaci (ko da kansa ko ta hanyar dangi), duk da haka galibi ba a tattauna shi ba.

Ba ma son mu tattauna matsalar tabin hankali saboda dalili ɗaya da ba ma son yin magana game da mutuwa. Domin duk da ma'anar take Har yanzu Alice , gaskiyar ita ce dementia shine wani irin mutuwa, mutuwar hankali a hankali wanda ainihin kanmu ke lalacewa yayin da jikinmu ke ci gaba da rayuwa. Kuma duk da duk abin da muka koya game da tabin hankali ta hanyar binciken kimiyya a cikin shekarun da suka gabata - wanda yake da yawa - ba mu sami ci gaba sosai ba dangane da magani. Sabili da haka, bin karin maganar “idan ba za ku iya faɗin wani abu mai kyau game da wani [abu] ba, kada ku faɗi komai”, da gaske babu abin da za a ce game da rashin hankali. Aƙalla ba sai lokacin da babu makawa ya buga kusa da gida kuma dole ne a faɗi wani abu.

Idan za mu yi magana game da tabin hankali, ya kamata mu fara da wasu abubuwan ban sha'awa amma masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka fito daga binciken kimiyya tsawon shekaru. Na farko, akwai nau'in hauka iri -iri, kowannensu yana da dalilai daban -daban. Biyu da suka fi yawa sune cututtukan jijiyoyin jini da cutar Alzheimer. Yayin da ciwon jijiyoyin jijiyoyin bugun gini ke haifar da ɗimbin ƙananan bugun jini a cikin kwakwalwa kuma galibi ana alaƙa da abubuwan haɗari kamar hawan jini da shan sigari, ba a fahimci dalilin cutar Alzheimer sosai ba. Gajeriyar sigar abin da muka sani ita ce, iri-iri na kwayoyin halitta da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da tasiri ga tarin “tsofaffin fakitoci” (wanda aka yi da furotin mai faruwa da ake kira beta-amyloid) da “tangles neurofibrillary” (wanda aka yi da wani abin da ke faruwa a zahiri). furotin da ake kira Tau) a cikin kwakwalwa wanda, tare da asarar sel na kwakwalwa, sune sifofin cututtukan cututtukan cutar (don ƙarin zurfin, idan an ɗan kwanta kwanan wata, lissafi na matakai daban-daban na halittu waɗanda suke da alama suna ba da gudummawa ga cutar Alzheimer. , duba wannan kyakkyawan labarin bita wanda aka buga a cikin 2010 a cikin Jaridar Magunguna ta New England).

A matsayin labarin gefe mai ban sha'awa, almara na Har yanzu Alice Da alama an kafa wani sashi ne a kan shari'ar farko ta cutar Alzheimer wanda masanin ilimin tabin hankali na Jamus ya bayyana a cikin 1907. Mai haƙuri na farko na Alzheimer shine mace mai suna Auguste Deter wanda, kamar halayen fim Alice Howland, ta sami matsaloli na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a ƙaramin shekaru ƙanana. An kwantar da ita a asibiti lokacin tana da shekara 51, Deter ta mutu bayan shekaru 5 kacal. A cikin 1990s, bayanan haƙuri na Deter da ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa - waɗanda aka adana a cikin nunin faifan microscope a cikin shekaru - an sake gano su kuma an sake tsara su. Wannan gwajin ya tabbatar da asalin cututtukan plaques da tangles a cikin kwakwalwarta da muka sani a matsayin stigmata na rashin lafiya a yau, yayin da kuma kwanan nan ya bayyana kasancewar maye gurbi a cikin wani nau'in halitta da ake kira presenilin 1 wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yana tsara samar da beta. -amyloid. ¹ Wannan jinsin yana da alaƙa da farkon cutar Alzheimer wanda ke gudana a cikin iyalai kuma shine jigon da aka lissafa Har yanzu Alice Howland ta zama mai nuna alama a irin wannan ƙuruciyar.

Yayin da farkon cutar Alzheimer (wanda ke faruwa kafin shekarun 65) ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, cutar sankarau da aka saba da ita ta zama gama gari, tana shafar mutane miliyan 35 a duk duniya. ² Yana ƙara zama ruwan dare yayin da muke tsufa, kamar yadda bayan shekaru 85, kusan 1 cikin mutane 3 za su kamu da cutar. ³ Ana iya kimanta haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Alzheimer ta hanyar gwada wasu abubuwan rashin lafiyar kwayoyin halitta kamar a cikin gene apolipoprotein E (apoE) ko ta hanyar positron emmo tomography (PET) na kwakwalwa don tara beta-amyloid. Amma duk da waɗannan ci gaba da yuwuwar su don gano asali da yiwuwar rigakafin kafin fara bayyanar cututtuka, ƙimar hasashen waɗannan gwaje -gwajen ya kasance kimiyya mara inganci. Baya ga wasu daga cikin siffofin da aka gada kamar waɗanda ke da alaƙa da maye gurbi na presenilin, gwajin kwayoyin halitta da sikirin kwakwalwa baya bada garantin cewa mutum zai, ko ba zai, ci gaba da cutar Alzheimer ba. Sabili da haka, tsawon lokacin da muke rayuwa, mafi kusantar za mu iya haɓaka cutar Alzheimer, amma ga yawancin mu, babu wata hanyar da za mu faɗi tabbas.

Kamar dai waɗancan bayanan ba su da hankali sosai, yi la’akari da cewa yayin da yawan iliminmu game da ɓarkewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwakwalwar mutanen da ke da cutar Alzheimer ya haifar da haɓaka dabarun jiyya sosai don bincike, babu ɗayan waɗannan jiyya da aka nuna har yanzu. yi tasiri. Kanun labarai daga farkon wannan shekarar sun nuna sakamakon farko na ƙarfafawa daga bincike tare da sabon magani wanda ke rage tarin beta-amyloid, amma tare da sakamako mai banƙyama daga wasu magunguna masu kama da yawa har zuwa yau, akwai kyakkyawan dalili na shakku. A zahiri, karanta mafi kyawun bugawa, farkon sakamakon sabon magani kawai yana ba da shawarar cewa raguwar hankali na iya raguwa, ba a daina ba. Har zuwa yau, babu magunguna da FDA ta amince da su (waɗanda ke da niyyar haɓaka matakan neurotransmitter acetylcholine) kuma babu wani binciken bincike don cutar Alzheimer (niyya beta-amyloid) da ke da alaƙa da ainihin fahimi. ingantawa kuma a wasu lokutan, magungunan gwajin sun sa alamun sun yi muni.

Wani kanun labarai na baya-bayan nan ya yi alƙawarin cewa “sabon maganin cutar Alzheimer ya sake dawo da aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya,” amma wannan ya samo asali ne daga binciken dabba wanda aka yi amfani da duban dan tayi don cire beta-amyloid daga kwakwalwar beraye. Abin takaici, duk da babban darajar binciken dabbobi, ƙarfafa sakamakon warkewa a cikin samfuran dabbobi galibi ba su fassara zuwa sakamako mai kyau a gwajin asibiti da ya shafi ɗan adam. Don haka, abin jira a gani shine, bayan shekaru na bincike mai mahimmanci a gaba, ko irin waɗannan dabarun na iya yin tasiri a cikin mutane. Bugu da ƙari, game da beta-amyloid, wasu masu bincike sun fara shakkar mahimmancin tarinsa a cikin bayanin cutar Alzheimer gaba ɗaya. Tarin Beta-amyloid yana faruwa a cikin waɗanda ba su da hauka kuma a cikin cutar Alzheimer, adadin beta-amyloid a cikin kwakwalwa ba shi da alaƙa da tsananin cutar. ² Kuma ga duk abin da aka fi mai da hankali kan alluna da tangal -tangal, cutar Alzheimer kuma tana da alaƙa da lalacewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa wanda shine mafi daidaituwa na raunin hankali. Baya ga yuwuwar hana faruwar hakan daga fari, a zahiri juyar da wannan tsari ta hanyar farfado da neuronal ya wuce iyakokin fasahar warkewa na yanzu.

Idan duk wannan rashin jin daɗi yana da ƙima sosai, kun yi daidai, haka ne. Gaskiyar ita ce, saboda shekaru masu tsananin bincike na kimiyya, mun koyi adadi mai ban mamaki game da cutar Alzheimer. A zahiri, adadin da muka sani yanzu yana da girma sosai kuma sabili da haka ba sabon abu bane ga cututtukan tabin hankali, ta yadda da yawa ba sa tunanin hakan a matsayin matsalar tabin hankali kwata -kwata (wanda wasu na iya ayyana, da harshe a kunci, a matsayin cuta) ba tare da san dalilin ba), amma cutar neurologic. Kuma tare da duk abin da muka sani game da shi, yuwuwar haɓaka ingantattun jiyya yana ɗauke da babban alkawari. Kawai cewa yayin da akwai kyakkyawan dalili na kasancewa da kyakkyawan fata a nan gaba, babu ɗayan waɗannan alkawuran da har yanzu ya cika.

Mahimmancin Mahimmancin Dementia

Dalilin da ya sa Kamun Kai Ya Kasa a Ciwo