Cututtuka masu tabin hankali a cikin ASD: Mayar da hankali kan Schizophrenia

Kwanan nan na karanta babban labari akan labarai na baƙaƙe game da cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa a cikin tsofaffi tare da autism (ASD) da rashin kulawar rashin hankali (ADHD). Labarin labarai yana taƙaita takarda kwanan nan da masu binciken Norway suka buga a cikin ilimin halin ɗabi'a.

Masu binciken sun yi nazarin bayanan manya miliyan 1.7 na Yaren mutanen Norway - wasu tare da ganewar ASD, wasu tare da ADHD, wasu tare da ASD da ADHD, wasu kuma ba ASD ko ADHD ba. Manufar ita ce ta fi fahimtar tsarin cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa (cututtukan da ke faruwa tare) a cikin manya tare da ASD, ADHD, ko duka biyun. Musamman, masu bincike sun mai da hankali kan waɗannan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da ke gaba: rikicewar damuwa, babban rashin damuwa, rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa, rikicewar mutum, schizophrenia, da rikicewar amfani da kayan.

Gabaɗaya, rikice-rikicen cututtukan mahaifa sun kasance tsakanin lokutan 2-14 mafi yawa a cikin manya tare da ADHD da/ko ASD idan aka kwatanta da manya ba tare da ganewar asali ba. Tsarin abin da rikice-rikicen cututtukan cututtukan da suka fi yawa ya bambanta tsakanin ƙungiyoyi. Rikicin bipolar, babbar cuta ta bacin rai, rikicewar mutum, da rikicewar amfani da abubuwa sun fi yawa a cikin manya tare da ADHD fiye da manya da ASD. Koyaya, manya tare da ASD sun fi kusantar samun schizophrenia fiye da manya da ADHD. A zahiri, manya tare da ASD sun kusan sau 14 mafi kusantar samun schizophrenia fiye da manya a cikin yawan jama'a (manya tare da ADHD sun kusan sau 4 suna iya samun schizophrenia fiye da manya a cikin yawan jama'a).

Ina da sha’awar musamman game da binciken da ke da alaƙa da schizophrenia da ASD da aka ba da tarihin yanayin biyu da kuma fahimtarmu ta yanzu game da yadda za su iya haɗuwa. A tarihi, ASD da schizophrenia ana ɗaukar yanayin guda ɗaya, kuma ana amfani da kalmar "autism" tare da schizophrenia har zuwa shekarun 1970. Hindsight koyaushe 20/20 ne, don haka yana da sauƙi a watsar da tunanin mu na baya game da wannan ruɗani da bai dace ba. Koyaya, karatu kamar na sama yana haskaka wani muhimmin batu game da ASD da schizophrenia wanda aka ƙara ganewa a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata: waɗannan sharuɗɗan biyu suna da alaƙa da wasu sifofi na kowa.

An lura da waɗannan abubuwan na ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a, kuma tare da binciken kwayoyin halitta da binciken jijiyoyin jiki.

A ɗabi'a, duka yanayin biyu suna raba matsaloli tare da mu'amala tsakanin jama'a da daidaitawa. Mutanen da ke tare da ASD waɗanda ke da wahalar shiga hirarraki tare da wasu galibi ana tunanin suna da '' lalatacciyar ƙasa '', wanda alama ce da aka fi sani da sikila.

Dangane da ilimin halittar jini, akwai shaidu don gado tsakanin rashin lafiya. Rsearch ya gano shaidar cewa yara suna cikin haɗarin ASD mafi girma idan suna da mahaifa tare da schizophrenia. Wato, ganewar ciwon sikila a cikin iyaye yana ƙara haɗarin ASD a cikin yara.

Binciken Neuroscience ya nuna cewa ƙungiyoyin biyu suna nuna haɓaka aikin cortex na prefrontal yayin kallon fuskoki da lokacin shiga cikin ayyukan tunani. Wannan yana nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin yanayin biyu a cikin yadda kwakwalwa ke yin tasiri ga abubuwan zamantakewa. Wannan yana da ban sha'awa musamman idan aka yi la’akari da halayen ɗabi’a cewa hulɗar zamantakewa tana da wahala ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin biyu.

A asibiti, yana da matukar wahala a tantance cutar sikila a ASD, ko ASD a schizophrenia. Dole likita ya yi hira kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin tsokana abin da ake kira mummunan alamun cutar schizophrenia (janyewa, tasirin lebur, rage magana) daga alamun zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da ASD.

Wannan nau'in ganewar asali yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin samari masu ɗauke da ASD waɗanda wataƙila suna fuskantar tabin hankali a karon farko, kuma waɗanda ke buƙatar magani da gaggawa. Abin takaici, alamun da ke nuna alamun tashin hankali na farko wani lokaci ana yin watsi da su a cikin samari masu ɗauke da ASD idan likitocin da masu kula da su sun ɗauka cewa alamun suna cikin ASD. Mun ga casesan lokuta irin wannan a cikin asibitin, kuma jinkirta jiyya ga samari waɗanda ke fuskantar alamun farko na psychosis yana da mummunan tasiri akan sakamako na dogon lokaci.

Gabaɗaya, a bayyane yake cewa ba za a iya yin watsi da kamanceceniya da taɓarɓarewa tsakanin waɗannan sharuɗɗan biyu ba, kuma bai kamata a yi watsi da shi azaman ra'ayin da bai daɗe ba. Akwai takamaiman buƙatu don ingantattun tambayoyi mafi dacewa don gano cutar sikila a cikin ASD, ko ASD a cikin waɗanda ke da cutar sikila, saboda wannan zai taimaka inganta sakamako ga mutanen da ke rayuwa tare da waɗannan yanayin.

Sugranyes G, Kyriakopoulos M, Corrigall R, Taylor E, Frangou S (2011) Cutar ɓarna ta Autism da schizophrenia: meta-bincike na hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na fahimtar zamantakewar al'umma. KUMA KYAUTA 6 (10): e25322

Chisholm, K., Lin, A., & Armando, M. (2016). Schizophrenia bakan cuta da autism bakan cuta. A cikin Alamun Likitoci da Haɗuwa a cikin Cutar Kwayar Autism (shafi na 51-66). Springer, Kam.

Solberg B.S. da al. Biol. Epub na Psychiatry kafin bugawa (2019)