Precuña: Halaye da Ayyukan Wannan Bangaren Ƙwaƙwalwar

Wadatacce

• Wannan ɓangaren ɓangaren kwakwalwar yana cikin lobe na parietal kuma yana da ayyuka da yawa.
• Precuña: ma'ana, tsari da wuri
• Siffofin
• Bayanin tarihin rayuwar mutum (ƙwaƙwalwar episodic)
• 1. Gudanar da gani
• 2. Sanar da kai
• 3. Sanin fahimta
• 4. Hadakar gindi
• Ciwon kai a cikin cutar Alzheimer

Wannan ɓangaren ɓangaren kwakwalwar yana cikin lobe na parietal kuma yana da ayyuka da yawa.

Ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam wani abu ne mai sarkakiya kuma mai ban sha'awa. Kowane yanki na kwakwalwa ya ƙunshi lobes da yawa.

Kuma a cikin madaidaicin lobe, wanda aka ɓoye tsakanin yadudduka na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki, zamu iya samun pre-wedge, yanki na musamman don halayensa da ayyukan da aka danganta shi a matsayin babban cibiyar daidaita kwakwalwa, da kuma don shiga a cikin hanyoyin wayar da kai. .

A cikin wannan labarin munyi bayanin menene pre-wedge, menene tsarin sa da inda yake, menene manyan ayyukan sa da kuma irin rawar da yake takawa wajen haɓaka cutar Alzheimer.

Precuña: ma'ana, tsari da wuri

Pre-wedge ko precuneus shine wani yanki da ke cikin lobe mafi girma, wanda aka ɓoye a cikin tsagewar kwakwalwa, tsakanin duka bangarorin biyu. Yana da iyaka a gaban reshe na gefe na cingulate sulcus, a sashin baya na parieto-occipital sulcus kuma, a ƙasa, ta subparietal sulcus.

A wasu lokuta, pre-wedge kuma an bayyana shi azaman tsakiyar tsakiya na madaidaicin cortex na parietal. A cikin kalmomin cytoarchitectural, shi yayi daidai da yankin Brodmann 7, wani yanki na yankin parietal na bawo.

Bugu da kari, yana da hadaddiyar kungiya mai ƙarfi a cikin ginshiƙai kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ke ɗaukar mafi tsawo don kammala ƙirar sa (tsarin da ake lulluɓi axons da myelin zuwa, tsakanin sauran abubuwa, inganta saurin motsawa watsawar juyayi). Tsarin halittar jikinsa yana nuna bambance -bambancen mutum, duka a cikin sifar sa da kuma girman sa.

Hakanan, pre-wedge yana da haɗin jijiyoyi da yawa ; a matakin cortical, yana haɗawa tare da wuraren firimotor, tare da wuraren da suka shafi ayyukan zartarwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da tsarin motsa jiki, kuma tare da babban gani na gani; kuma a matakin ƙasan, yana da muhimman alaƙa da thalamic nuclei da ƙwarƙwarar kwakwalwa.

Gabanin tsagewa wani tsari ne wanda ya bunƙasa a cikin mutane fiye da dabbobi, tunda a matakin juyin halitta an sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin girman (a cikin siffa da farfajiya) na parietal da gaban lobes na kwakwalwar ɗan adam idan aka kwatanta da sauran masarautar dabbobi, tare da abin da wannan ke nufi dangane da haɓaka manyan ayyuka na fahimi. Saboda haka, wani tsari wanda ya tayar da babban sha'awa a cikin al'umar ilimin kimiyya, duk da kasancewa ta jiki don haka “ba za a iya mantawa da shi” (saboda wurin da yake).

Siffofin

Pre-wedge shine daya daga cikin manyan fannonin tsari da hadewar kwakwalwarmu, kuma yana aiki azaman nau'in mai gudanarwa ta hanyar da yawancin siginar da ake buƙata don wannan gabobin suyi aiki azaman haɗaɗɗen izinin wucewa.

Da ke ƙasa akwai ayyuka daban-daban da aka danganta ga pre-wedge:

Bayanin tarihin rayuwar mutum (ƙwaƙwalwar episodic)

Pre-wedge yana aiki dangane da cortex na prefrontal hagu, yana cikin ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da ƙwaƙwalwar episodic da tunanin tarihin rayuwa. A wannan ma'anar, yana shiga cikin fannoni kamar kulawa, dawo da ƙwaƙwalwar episodic, ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ko hanyoyin fahimtar tsinkaye.

1. Gudanar da gani

Wani muhimmin aikin da aka ba da shawarar cewa kafin a ɗaura shi a ciki shi ne aikin gani da ido; Wannan yanki zai shiga gudanar da kulawar sarari, lokacin da akwai motsi kuma, kuma, lokacin da aka samar da hotuna.

Hakanan an yi imanin yana da alhakin daidaitawar motsi a cikin hanyoyin kulawa da rarrabuwa; wato lokacin da ake buƙatar juyar da hankali zuwa wurare daban -daban ko wuraren sarari (misali lokacin rubuta rubutu ko zana zane). Bugu da ƙari, za a kunna pre-wedge, tare da cortex na farko, a cikin ayyukan tunani waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafa gani.

2. Sanar da kai

Bincike daban-daban sun alakanta pre-wedge tare da hanyoyin da lamirin kanku ke shiga tsakani; A wannan ma'anar, wannan yankin kwakwalwa zai sami rawar da ta dace a cikin haɗin kan fahimtar kanmu, a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta sararin samaniya, na ɗan lokaci da zamantakewa. Zaɓin farko zai kasance yana kula da samar da wannan jin daɗin ci gaba tsakanin kwakwalwa, jiki da muhalli.

A cikin karatu tare da hotunan aiki, an lura cewa wannan tsarin kwakwalwa yana yin nazari da fassara “niyyar” wasu dangane da kanmu ; wato zai yi aiki azaman hanyar nazarin hukuncin wasu waɗanda ke buƙatar cikakkiyar fassarar don yin aiki daidai (misali tare da tausayawa).

3. Sanin fahimta

Baya ga samun rawar da ta dace a cikin hanyoyin wayar da kai, an ba da shawarar cewa pre-wedge na iya kasancewa, tare da cortex na baya, dacewa don sarrafawa da tsinkayen fahimta na bayanai.

An lura cewa metabolism na glucose na kwakwalwa yana ƙaruwa sosai a lokacin farkawa, sabanin abin da ke faruwa lokacin ƙarƙashin saƙar saƙar. Hakanan, yayin jinkirin bacci mai motsi da saurin motsi ido ko baccin REM, pre-wedge zai kusan ƙarewa.

A gefe guda, an yi imanin cewa ayyukan fahimi da ke da alaƙa da wannan yanki na kwakwalwa na iya ba da gudummawa wajen haɗa bayanan ciki (wanda ke fitowa daga kwakwalwa da jikin mu) tare da bayanan muhalli ko na waje; don haka, pre-wedge zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hanyoyin da ke haifar da sani da hankali gaba ɗaya.

4. Hadakar gindi

Kara karatu da yawa suna tallafawa rawar pre-wedge kamar cibiyar haɗawa ta hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi na kwakwalwa, saboda babban tsaka -tsakin sa a cikin cibiyar sadarwa na wannan gabobin da kuma haɗin haɗin gwiwa mai yawa da ƙarfi tare da yankunan farko waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan zartarwa kamar tsarawa. , kulawa da yanke shawara.

Ciwon kai a cikin cutar Alzheimer

Cutar Alzheimer a farkon matakinta, yana farawa da matsalolin rayuwa a yankin lobe na medial parietal. Da alama faɗaɗa waɗannan yankuna na kwakwalwa shine abin da ke ba da wasu lahani ga cututtukan neurodegeneration na gaba waɗanda waɗannan marasa lafiya ke fama da su.

Bincike da dama sun ba da shawarar cewa za a iya samun dangantaka tsakanin juna biyu da ci gaban wannan mummunar cuta.Kamar yadda muka yi sharhi a baya, pre-wedge ya samo asali daban-daban a cikin mutane fiye da dabbobi: babban bambanci dangane da sauran dabbobin, alal misali, shine wannan tsarin yana gabatar da manyan matakan rayuwa.

A bayyane, pre-wedge yana da matakan fitarwa na rayuwa fiye da yadda zai dace saboda girman sa, wanda kuma yana faruwa tare da ƙimomin zafi. Abin ban dariya shine Alzheimer yana farawa tare da matsalolin rayuwa daidai a cikin yankin parietal mai zurfi, inda pre-wedge yake. Kuma halayyar Alzheimer shine phosphorylation na sunadaran tau, wanda ke faruwa a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke yin hibernate don amsa canjin zafin jiki.

Abin da masana kimiyyar jijiyoyin jini ke ba da shawara shi ne cewa cututtukan cututtukan da ke yawan faruwa da halayen mutane kamar na Alzheimer za a haɗa su da sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ke da takamaiman ilimin halittar jiki kuma a cikin mutane. Kuma abin da suke tambaya shi ne ko karuwar sarkakiyar waɗannan sassan kwakwalwa na iya haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin rikitarwa na halitta wanda, na biyu, na iya haifar da hauhawar nauyi na rayuwa, damuwa na oxyidative da matsalolin salula waɗanda ke sa mutum ya sha wahala daga cutar Alzheimer.

Koyaya, hanyar haɗi tsakanin pre-wedge da sauran sifofi masu kama da ci gaban wannan da sauran cututtukan neurodegenerative a halin yanzu ana binciken su, da nufin nemo sabbin magunguna da makasudin warkewa waɗanda ke warkar ko, aƙalla, rage jinkirin ci gaban su.