Yadda Kwakwalwarka Ta Nemo Ma'ana a Kwarewar Rayuwa

Wadatacce

• Ƙarfin Labari

Ta yaya ku, yaranku, da ɗalibanku suke gano ma'anar a cikin abubuwan rayuwar yau da kullun? Ta yaya muke fahimtar ma'anar kalmomi, abubuwan da suka faru, da alaƙa?

Dangane da binciken ƙasa, masu bincike a Jami'ar Kudancin California sun gano yankunan kwakwalwa inda mutane ke samun ma'ana ta hanyar fassarar labaran rayuwa (Dehghani et al., 2017).

Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam da masu binciken labari sun daɗe da sanin cewa labaru sune ginshiƙan ma'ana kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a yadda muke fahimtar duniyar da ke kewaye da mu. A karon farko, masana kimiyyar jijiyoyin jiki sun tsara taswirar yankunan kwakwalwa yayin da mahalarta kabilu uku suka fallasa labarai masu ma'ana.

Wannan binciken ya kasance mai rikitarwa kuma mai inganci. Masu bincike sun jera sama da miliyan ashirin na labaran Ingilishi na labaran labarai na sirri kuma sun takaita su zuwa batutuwa arba'in. An taƙaita kowane batun zuwa sakin layi kafin a fassara shi zuwa Mandarin Sinanci da Farsi. Sannan an sake sakin sakin layi zuwa Turanci.

Fassarar labarai zuwa harsuna uku an yi shi ne don binciko tsarin kunna kwakwalwa a cikin harsuna. An raba mahalarta 90 daidai tsakanin Amurkawa, China, da Iraniyawa.

Yayin da mahalarta ke karanta labarai iri -iri arba'in, an bincika kwakwalwar su ta amfani da fMRI. Binciken ya samo wani abu na musamman na duniya game da yadda mutane ke sarrafa labarai, ba tare da la'akari da haruffansu ko yare ba. A zahiri, masu bincike sun gano cewa ɓangaren kwakwalwar da ake kira cibiyar sadarwar yanayin tsoho (DMN) tana cikin mahimmancin ma'ana da fahimta.

Kafin wannan binciken, masu binciken sun gano DMN a matsayin "yanayin hutu," yana nuna babban aiki lokacin da mutane ba sa yin ayyukan da aka mayar da hankali na waje (Raichle, 2015). Hakanan yana da alaƙa da "yawo da hankali" (Smallwoood & Schooler, 2015) da kuma yin tunani (Qin & Northoff, 2011).

Abin sha’awa, masana ilimin halayyar dan adam sun gano cewa “Jihohin hutawa” kamar yin zuzzurfan tunani, yin tunani, da yawo da hankali kayan aikin da ke taimaka mana yin ma’anar rayuwa. A zahiri, masu binciken Harvard sun gano cewa mafarkin yana ɗaukar kashi arba'in da bakwai na ayyukanmu yayin farkawa! Tattaunawar tunani da mafarkin rana ma an danganta su da tunanin kirkira.

Yanzu ya bayyana cewa DMN na kwakwalwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawo waɗannan hutawa, ayyuka na kerawa tare cikin zurfin ma'ana mai ma'ana.

Hakanan ƙungiyar masu bincike na USC sun gano cewa aiki a cikin wasu nodes na DMN ya ƙaru yayin aiwatar da labari kuma ya kasance mafi girma lokacin da labarai ke ƙunshe da ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a masu ƙarfi (Kaplan et al., 2016).

Me yasa iyaye da malamai zasu kasance masu sha’awa, har ma da ɗan farin ciki, tare da wannan binciken ilimin kimiyya? Domin yin mahimmancin gogewar rayuwa shine yadda yara ke girma da haɓaka zuwa lafiya, daidaitawa, kula da manya. Da zarar mun gano yadda za mu taimaki yara su sami ma'ana a rayuwa, makaranta, abota, da ayyuka, haka za su koyi bunƙasa.

Ƙarfin Labari

Halin rarrabewa na ba da labari shine cewa yana buƙatar mu haɗewa da nemo ma'ana ga bayanai akan lokaci. Don fahimtar ma'anar labari, dole ne mu nemo haɗi - haɗi tsakanin kalmomi, abubuwan da suka faru, da alaƙa.

Nazarin USC ya nuna cewa labarin ya wuce harshe da al'ada. Wannan ilimin yana da fa'ida mai yawa ga iyaye, koyarwa, gina ƙasa, da samar da zaman lafiya. Yana nuna cewa labaru suna da ikon yin tasiri ga haɓaka halaye kamar mutunci, sanin kai, da tausayawa. Yana nuna cewa kwakwalwar ɗan adam tana ba da amsa ga labarai iri ɗaya-haɗawa a manyan ma'anoni.

Wannan sabon bincike a cikin ilimin jijiyoyin jiki yana ƙarfafa mahimmancin raba labarai tare da yara da matasa, da amfani da waɗancan labaran don koyar da ƙarfin hali da hanyoyin gano ainihin kai ta hanyar yin ma'ana.

Manya suna taimaka wa yara su sami ma'ana da manufa lokacin da suke tattauna fina -finai, littattafai, da labarai daga rayuwarsu. Ta hanyar yin tambayoyi mai zurfi, fim mai kyau zai iya taimakawa siffar ainihin yaro. Labarun suna taimaka wa yara da matasa su ga duniya a cikin sababbin hanyoyi daban -daban, da motsa su zuwa aiki mai kyau. Ba da labari kuma hanya ce ta ilmantarwa tsakanin tsararraki. Tattaunawa tsakanin dattawa da matasa waɗanda suka haɗa da raba labaran rayuwa suna da ikon haifar da ma'ana mai zurfi.

Labarun suna taimaka mana duka mu ji wani ɓangare na duniyar da ta fi mu girma. Lokacin da mutane za su iya ba da ma'ana a manyan ma'anoni, za su iya haɗa bambance-bambance, zubar da son zuciya, da warkar da raunin dangantaka.

Kaplan, JT, Gimbel, S.I, Dehghani, M., Immordino-Yang, M.H, Sagae, K., Wong, JD,. . . Damasio, A. (2016). Gudanar da labaru game da ƙimomin da aka kiyaye: Binciken al'adu na haɗin gwiwa. Cerebral Cortex, bh325 ku.

Farashin-Mitchell, M. (2017, Disamba 29). Mafarki na dare: mara hankali ko ma'ana? [Shafin blog]. An dawo daga https://www.rootsofaction.com/daydreaming-mindless-or-meaningful/

Qin, P., & Northoff, G. (2011). Ta yaya namu ke da alaƙa da yankuna na tsakiyar layi da hanyar sadarwa ta tsoho? Neuroimage, 57 (3), 1221–1233.

Raichle, ME (2015). Cibiyar sadarwar tsoho ta kwakwalwa. Binciken shekara -shekara na neuroscience, 38 , 433–447.

Smallwood, J., & Schooler, JW (2015). Kimiyyar hankali tana yawo: a hankali tana kewaya rafin sani. Binciken shekara -shekara na ilimin halin dan Adam, 66, 487–518.