Yaya Innovation Cell Stem Yana da Binciken Ci gaban Neuroscience

Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ɓarna a cikin nazarin kwakwalwar ɗan adam shine samun ikon gudanar da bincike kan ainihin kwakwalwar ɗan adam mai aiki. Sakamakon haka, ana gudanar da binciken kimiyya da yawa akan beraye a matsayin wakilin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Koma baya ga wannan dabarar ita ce ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa sun bambanta a cikin tsari da aiki. A cewar Johns Hopkins, a tsari, kwakwalwar ɗan adam kusan kashi 30 na neurons da kashi 70 na glia, yayin da kwakwalwar berayen tana da kishiyar rabo [1]. Masu binciken MIT sun gano cewa dendrites na neurons na mutane suna ɗauke da siginar lantarki daban da na jijiyoyin [2]. Mabuɗin madadin shine haɓaka ƙwayar kwakwalwar ɗan adam ta amfani da fasahar sel.

Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sune ƙwayoyin da ba a kebance su ba waɗanda ke haifar da sel daban. Yana da wani gwada kwanan nan gano tun 80 ta. Sir Martin Evans na Jami'ar Cardiff, Burtaniya, ya fara gano kwayoyin halittar embryonic a cikin 1981, sannan a Jami'ar Cambridge, 2007 Nobel Laureate in medicine [3].

A shekara ta 1998, James Thomson na Jami'ar Wisconsin a Madison da John Gearhart na Jami'ar Johns Hopkins a Baltimore [4] suka girma a cikin wani dakin binciken kwayayen mahaifa.

Shekaru takwas bayan haka, Shinya Yamanaka na Jami'ar Kyoto da ke Japan ya gano wata hanya don canza ƙwayoyin fata na beraye zuwa sel masu ɗimbin ƙarfi ta amfani da ƙwayar cuta don gabatar da ƙwayoyin halittu huɗu [5]. Plumipotent stem cells suna da ikon haɓakawa zuwa wasu nau'ikan sel. Yamanaka, tare da John B. Gurdon, sun lashe kyautar Nobel a Physiology ko Medicine 2012 don gano cewa za a iya sake tsara ƙwayoyin da suka balaga don su zama masu ƙima [6]. An san wannan manufar azaman shigar da ƙwayoyin sel, ko iPSCs.

A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar masu binciken kimiyya na Turai, Madeline Lancaster da Juergen Knoblich, sun haɓaka wani sashi na uku (3D) na kwakwalwa ta amfani da ƙwayoyin halittar ɗan adam wanda ya “girma zuwa kusan milimita huɗu a girman kuma zai iya rayuwa tsawon watanni 10 . [7]. ” Wannan babbar nasara ce kamar yadda aka saba yin ƙirar ƙirar neuron a cikin 2D.

Kwanan nan, a cikin Oktoba 2018, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya da Tufts ke jagoranta sun haɓaka samfurin 3D na ƙwayar kwakwalwar ɗan adam wanda ke nuna ayyukan jijiyoyin jiki na aƙalla watanni tara. An buga binciken a watan Oktoba 2018 a ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, mujallar American Chemical Society [8].

Daga farkon gano ƙwayoyin sel a cikin beraye zuwa haɓaka ƙirar hanyoyin sadarwar ɗan adam na 3D daga sel masu ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa da shekaru 40, saurin ci gaban kimiyya ya kasance mai mahimmanci. Waɗannan samfuran samfuran kwakwalwar ɗan adam na 3D na iya taimakawa ci gaba da bincike don gano sabbin jiyya don cutar Alzheimer, Parkinson's, Huntington's, muscular dystrophy, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (wanda kuma aka sani da ALS ko cutar Lou Gehrig), da sauran cututtuka da yawa na rikicewar kwakwalwa. Kayayyakin da neuroscience ke amfani da su don bincike suna haɓaka cikin ƙwarewa, kuma ƙwayoyin sel suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ci gaba don amfanin ɗan adam.

Copyright © 2018 Cami Rosso An adana duk haƙƙoƙi.

2. Rosso, Cami. "Me yasa kwakwalwar ɗan adam ke nuna mafi girman hankali?" Psychology A Yau. 19 ga Oktoba, 2018.

3. Jami'ar Cardiff. "Sir Martin Evans, Kyautar Nobel a Magunguna." An dawo da shi 23 ga Oktoba 2018 daga http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/honours-and-awards/nobel-laureates/sir-martin-evans

4. Ra'ayoyin Zuciya. "Tsarin Tsarin sel." 2015 Afrilu-Yuni. An dawo da shi ranar 10-23-2018 daga https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485209/#

5. Scudellari, Megan. "Yadda sel iPS suka canza duniya." Yanayi. 15 Yuni 2016.

6. Kyautar Nobel (2012-10-08). "Kyautar Nobel a fannin ilimin halittu ko magani 2012 [Sanarwar manema labarai]. An dawo da 23 Oktoba 2018 daga https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/

7. Rojahn, Susan Young. "Masana kimiyya suna haɓaka ƙwayoyin kwakwalwar ɗan adam na 3-D." Binciken Fasahar MIT. 28 ga Agusta, 2013.

1. Cantley, William L .; Du, Chuang; Lomoio, Selene; DePalma, Thomas; Dangi, Emily; Kleinknecht, Dominic; Mafarauci, Martin; Tang-Schomer, Min D .; Tesco, Giuseppina; Kaplan, David L. ” Ayyuka masu Dorewa da Tsarin Dabarun Sadarwar Sadarwar Dan Adam na 3D daga Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Turawa. ”ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, mujallar American Chemical Society. Oktoba 1, 2018.