Yaya Sha'awar Ku Game da Caca?

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• Halayen Ƙarfafawa Mahimman Karatu
• Ilimin halin caca

Kuna jin daɗin caca?

Ko ya shafi kashe kuɗi akan tikitin caca, yin ziyara akai-akai zuwa gidajen caca na gida, yin fare-faren waƙa, ko kunna yawan gidajen yanar gizon da ke da alaƙa da caca a halin yanzu, babu jayayya cewa caca ya fi sauƙi fiye da yadda yake a da. A Amurka kadai, masana'antar caca tana ba da gudummawar kimanin dala biliyan 137.5 ga tattalin arzikin Amurka kowace shekara. Dangane da kuɗin caca da ke shigowa cikin duniya, an yi hasashen babban adadin caca (GGY) na kasuwar caca ta duniya zai kai dalar Amurka biliyan 495 a shekarar 2019.

Yayin da masana'antar caca ke ba da aikin yi ga ɗaruruwan dubban mutane a duniya, tana da duhu kuma.Kodayake yawancin mutanen da ke yin caca ba sa fuskantar matsaloli, ƙarami, amma mai mahimmanci, kashi na duk masu caca suna haɓaka matsalolin dogaro wanda zai iya haifar da manyan matsalolin kuɗi da na tunani. Misali mai ban mamaki na wannan ya fito fili kwanan nan lokacin da masu binciken suka ba da sanarwar cewa binciken wani ɗariƙar Katolika kusa da Los Angeles ya ƙaddara cewa naniyu biyu, waɗanda duka sun yi aiki a makarantar shekaru da yawa, sun yi almubazzaranci da kuɗi don biyan tafiye -tafiyen caca zuwa Las Vegas. Kodayake ba a bayyana takamaiman adadin ba, wasu majiyoyin sun ce sun kai dala 500,000. Labarun irin wannan ba sabon abu bane kuma shari'o'in almubazzaranci, sata, da fatarar kuɗi da ke da alaƙa da caca suna ci gaba da faruwa.

An rarrabe shi azaman matsalar jaraba a ƙarƙashin sabon bugun Diagnostic and Manual Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), matsalar caca an bayyana shi a matsayin “ɗimbin matsalolin caca da ke ci gaba da haifar da nakasa ko wahala” na asibiti matsaloli daban -daban waɗanda zasu iya haɗawa da:

• Ana buƙatar yin caca tare da ƙara yawan kuɗi don cimma burin da ake so
• Kasancewa mara nutsuwa ko bacin rai yayin ƙoƙarin barin caca
• Bayan ya yi ƙoƙarin yin nasara akai -akai don sarrafawa, yankewa, ko dakatar da caca
• Kasancewa cikin shagaltuwa da caca (misali, samun tunani mai ɗorewa na dogaro da gogewar caca da ta gabata, naƙasasshe ko tsara shirin gaba, tunanin hanyoyin samun kuɗi da za ku yi caca)
• Bayan rasa caca kuɗi, galibi yana dawowa wata rana don ɗaukar fansa ("bin" asarar mutum)
• Ƙarya don ɓoye girman shiga da caca
• Yayi haɗari ko rasa muhimmiyar dangantaka, aiki, ilimi ko damar aiki saboda caca
• Dogara ga wasu don ba da kuɗi don sauƙaƙa yanayin mawuyacin halin kuɗi da caca ta haifar

Dangane da matsalar masu caca da yawa a can, wannan ya danganta da yadda ma'anar aka yi amfani da ita, yadda tsananin alamun cutar suke, da kuma inda suke zama. Misali, binciken 2002 wanda Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Nevada ta ba da shawarar ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 2.2 zuwa 3.6 na mazaunan Nevada sama da shekaru 18 suna da wani nau'in matsalar caca, yayin da karatun masu matsalar caca a wasu wurare yawanci suna ba da rahoton yawan adadin .5 zuwa 3 bisa dari.

Amma menene ya sa caca ya zama jaraba ga wasu mutane? Tare da farin ciki na asali wanda ke fitowa daga cin nasara, yawancin 'yan caca suna kallon ƙaunarsu ga ayyukan da suka shafi caca a matsayin wani ɓangare na ainihin ma'anar su. A zahiri, caca ya zama nasu sha’awa . Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana shi a matsayin "babban karkata zuwa ga ayyukan bayyana kai da mutane ke so, samun mahimmanci, kuma a ciki suke saka lokaci da kuzari," so yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan mutane da yawa, ko yana da sha'awar wasanni da aka bayar don tattarawa, kasancewa mai son kide -kide, zane -zane, wasan kwaikwayo, ko ma wani wasan talabijin da aka fi so, da dai sauransu.

Gane mahimmancin sha’awa a cikin rayuwar mutane, masana ilimin halayyar dan adam sun gudanar da bincike da yawa suna nazarin sha’awa da yadda zai iya motsa mutane. Kuma, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawancin wannan binciken ya mai da hankali kan ƙirar dualistic na sha'awar da masanin halayyar ɗan adam Robert J. Vallerand ya gabatar.

Dangane da wannan ƙirar, ana iya kallon sha'awar kasancewa ko dai jituwa ko m . Tare da sha'awar jituwa, mutane suna zaɓar shiga cikin aikin da suke so, sanya shi wani ɓangare na ainihin asalin su, da haɗa shi cikin wasu ɓangarorin rayuwarsu a zaman wani ɓangare na jituwa gaba ɗaya. A gefe guda, tsananin son wani aiki ko sha'awa na iya mamaye tunanin kai kuma ya sa mutane su bi wannan aikin a farashin wasu, ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Kyakkyawan nuni na ko son jituwa ko damuwa shine yadda mutane masu kariya suke samun lokacin kwatanta alakar su da wannan aikin. Idan wani yana jin buƙatar yin ƙarya, ko in ba haka ba, tsawon lokaci, albarkatu, da ƙoƙarin da suke kashewa akan wannan aikin, yana nuna cewa sha’awarsu ta zama cuta fiye da sha'awar tabbatar da rayuwa wanda sha'awar jituwa zata iya kawowa.

Amma shin tsarin biyun na sha’awa zai iya taimakawa bayanin caca na cuta? Wani sabon binciken bincike da aka buga a mujallar Motivation Science ya nuna cewa yana iya. Don binciken su, Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg na Jami'ar Ottawa da Daniel S. Bailis na Jami'ar Manitoba sun ɗauki ma'aikata 240 daga gidajen caca biyu na Kanada. Tare da bayar da bayanan alƙaluma na asali, an nemi mahalartan su kammala sikelin Ƙaunar Caca don gano jituwa da rikice -rikice na caca. An haɓaka don amfani a cikin binciken bincike na baya, sikelin ya haɗa da abubuwa kamar "Ba zan iya rayuwa ba tare da wannan wasan caca" da "Wannan wasan caca yana ba ni damar rayuwa abubuwan da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba." Bayan kammala sikelin, mahalarta sun kammala wasan kwaikwayon caca wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta amfani da Ayyukan Caca na Iowa (IGT). An gwada duk gwaji a teburin da aka kafa a cikin gidan caca.

IGT an samo asali ne don amfani a cikin bincike na hankali don yin kwaikwayon ainihin yanke shawara na rayuwa da 'yan caca suka yi. Jarabawar tana da kowane ɗan takara da ke karɓar lamunin farko na $ 2,000 a cikin kuɗin hasashe kuma ana ba shi umarni don haɓaka ribar su ta hanyar yin zaɓe daga katunan katunan huɗu. Fakuna biyu na farko, dogayen A da B, suna ba da lada mai yawa amma har ma da ƙarin farashi, wanda ke haifar da asarar ragi a kan hanyar IGT, yayin da sauran dogayen biyu, bene na C da D, suna ba da ƙaramin lada amma har ma da ƙaramin farashin da ke haifar da net riba. Risksauki haɗari a kan IGT ta hanyar yin ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka daga dogayen A da B fiye da na C da D shine, saboda haka, dabarun rasawa ce, kodayake mai yuwuwar haifar da manyan nasarori da gyara asarar da ta gabata akan kowane gwaji, ƙarshe yana haifar da asarar net sama da tafarkin IGT. Kowane mahalarci sai yayi zaɓe 100 kuma ya karɓi amsa kai tsaye game da adadin kuɗin da aka samu ko aka rasa bayan kowace gwaji. Tun da ba a gaya wa mahalarta game da bambance -bambancen da ke tsakanin katako ba, dole ne su koya a duk gwajin da zaɓin da za su yi. An kammala IGT akan kwamfutar kwamfutar tafi -da -gidanka wanda kuma ana iya amfani da shi don ƙididdige ma'aunai daban -daban don tantance nasarar yanke shawara (watau adadin kuɗin da ya rage, yawan katunan da aka ɗora daga fakitoci marasa kyau, da sauransu).

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