Yara nawa ke da Autism? Ƙididdiga Na Ci gaba Da Tashi

Wadatacce

• Muhimmancin Karatun Autism
• Darussa Daga Filin: Autism da COVID-19 Lafiya ta Hankali

Yaduwar autism ya tashi a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, binciken da aka kafa ta hanyoyi da yawa na tantance yaduwar. Sabbin nazarce -nazarcen binciken kasa sun jaddada wannan yanayin - kimanta kashi 2.5 cikin ɗari. Suna kuma yin kira da kulawa ga shingayen da iyalai ke fuskanta yayin ƙoƙarin samun aiyuka da magani ga yara masu wannan matsalar.

"Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yaran da ke fama da cutar ba su samun magani," in ji Wei Bao, babban marubucin wani bincike kuma masanin cutar a Jami'ar Iowa. "Autism wani yanayi ne da ke da tasiri na rayuwa, don haka muna son ganin yara suna samun kulawar da ta dace, saboda hakan zai amfani lafiyar rayuwarsu."

Kungiyoyin bincike guda biyu kwanan nan sun hakar 2016 Survey na Kiwon Lafiya na Yara don fahimta game da yaduwar cutar ta Autism da magani. Binciken ya kunshi yara 43,000 a fadin Amurka; Iyayen yaran sun ba da rahoton ko ƙwararren masanin lafiyar kwakwalwa ya taɓa gaya musu cewa ɗansu yana da autism. Duk takardun biyu - wanda aka buga a ciki Likitan yara kuma wanda aka buga a ciki JAMA Likitan yara --Ya ba da rahoton cewa dangane da amsoshin iyaye, kashi 2.5 cikin ɗari na yaran Amurka masu shekaru 3 zuwa 17 suna da ganewar autism.

Ƙungiyar Iowa ta kuma gano cewa ƙimar cutar ta bambanta sosai ta jihar. Texas tana da mafi ƙarancin ƙarancin (kashi 1.54) yayin da Florida ke da mafi girma (kashi 4.88). Yakamata a fassara waɗannan lambobin da taka -tsantsan, in ji Bao, saboda adadin masu amsa kowace jiha kaɗan ne daga jimlar ƙasar. Har yanzu, wasu jihohi suna gwagwarmaya yayin da wasu ke samun nasarar bayar da kulawa, in ji David Mandell, darektan Cibiyar Manufofin Lafiya da Ayyuka na Jami'ar Pennsylvania, wanda bai shiga cikin binciken ba. Binciken abin da ke haifar da canjin shine muhimmiyar tambaya don amsawa, in ji shi.

Masana kimiyyar sun ba da rahoton cewa kashi 30 cikin ɗari na yaran da ke da cutar rashin lafiya ba su sami magani ba. Daga cikin wadanda suka yi haka, kashi 43 sun sami kulawar ɗabi'a, kashi 7 an ba su magunguna, kashi 20 kuma sun karɓi duka biyun. Koyaya, iyaye na iya yin watsi da wasu jiyya lokacin da suke amsa binciken, kamar ayyukan da ake bayarwa ta hanyar tsarin ilimi, wanda zai iya sa ƙimar magani ta zama rashin ƙima, in ji Mandell.

Sauran ƙungiyar bincike, haɗin gwiwar mutane daga cibiyoyi da yawa na tarayya da na ilimi, sun bincika abubuwan iyalai yayin da suke samun magani. Iyayen yaran da ke da autism sun ninka sau biyu ko sau da yawa suna fuskantar takaici lokacin ƙoƙarin samun sabis idan aka kwatanta da iyayen yaran da ke da wasu yanayin motsin rai ko na ɗabi'a, kamar tashin hankali, ADHD, da nakasa ta hankali. Autism ya ƙunshi nau'o'in alamomi daban -daban waɗanda ke buƙatar magunguna daban -daban, daga jiyya da ɗabi'a da kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa zuwa jiyya ta jiki da maganin magana, in ji Michael Kogan, babban marubucin rahoton kuma darektan Ofishin Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar da Bincike a Albarkatun Lafiya. da Gudanar da Ayyuka. "Waɗannan iyalai suna fuskantar ƙalubale na musamman," in ji Kogan. "Yana da wahala a cimma daidaiton kulawar likita."

Hoton da binciken ya samar yana da iyakokin gaske, a cewar Mandell. Binciken iyaye game da yaransu ba shi da abin dogaro fiye da tsarin da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) ke ɗauka, wanda ke yin bitar bayanan likita da na ilimi na yara masu shekaru 8 da ke kula da su. CDC ta kuma bincika autism kadai, yayin da tsarin binciken ya ƙunshi tambayoyi game da autism a cikin fa'ida, kima mai ɗaukar lokaci. Sakamakon binciken kuma na iya zama son zuciya ta zaɓin farko na iyaye don shiga ko a'a, in ji Maureen Durkin, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lafiyar jama'a da ilimin yara a Jami'ar Wisconsin, wanda bai shiga cikin binciken ba. Iyayen yaran da ke da autism da sauran rikice -rikice na iya zama masu sha'awar amsawa fiye da iyayen yaran da ba a gano su ba.

CDC a halin yanzu ta ƙiyasta cewa yawan autism shine kashi 1.7. Bambanci tsakanin kashi 1.7 da kashi 2.5 cikin dari yana nuna cewa ɗaya daga cikin ƙididdigar biyu ba daidai bane, in ji Mandell. Daga cikin biyun, ya yi imanin ƙimar CDC ta fi kusa da yawan gaske.

Duk da waɗannan iyakancewa, rahotannin CDC suma suna nuna cewa adadin autism yana ƙaruwa. A shekara ta 2002, shekarar farko da CDC ke da bayanai masu yawa, ƙimar ta kasance 1 a cikin 150. Adadin ya haura zuwa 1 a cikin 125 a 2004. Rahoton na baya -bayan nan ya sanya adadin ya kai 1 cikin 59.

Abubuwa da yawa sun haɗu don samar da wannan haɓaka. A cikin 1990, gwamnatin tarayya ta sanya autism a matsayin rukunin ilimi na musamman, wanda hakan ya sa jihohi su fara ƙidayar yara masu fama da cutar da kuma ba da sabis. A cikin 1994, ma'anar autism ya faɗaɗa don haɗawa da manyan shari'o'i lokacin da aka ƙara ciwo na Asperger a cikin Littafin Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara na Amurka ta ba da shawara a 2006 don gwajin ci gaban duniya a watanni 9, 18, da 30. Kuma wayar da kan likitoci, malamai, da iyalai ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa.

Muhimmancin Karatun Autism

Darussa Daga Filin: Autism da COVID-19 Lafiya ta Hankali