Girma Ƙararrawar Ƙwayar Ƙwaƙwalwar Jiki

Daga Ma'aikatan Brain & Halayen

Masu bincike sun jagoranci jagorancin 2016 BBRF Matashin Bincike Ethan Lippmann, Ph.D., sun ba da rahoton cewa sun yi nasarar “gina” ƙwayar jijiyoyin jini wanda ke aiki kamar membrane mai mahimmanci na kariya, wanda ake kira shingen kwakwalwa. Katangar tana aiki kamar zaɓin sieve, tana ajiye manyan ƙwayoyin cuta ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta daga cikin kwakwalwa da ruwan kashin baya, amma ba da damar iskar oxygen, glucose, da sauran muhimman abubuwa su shiga.

Aikin, wanda aka yi a Jami'ar Vanderbilt kuma aka buga 14 ga Fabrairu, 2019 a cikin Rahoton Kwayoyin Stem, yakamata ya taimaka saurin fassarar ra'ayoyin kimiyya cikin bincike akan kwakwalwa.

Yayin da aka bunkasa al'adun sel kwakwalwa guda biyu a baya, wannan shi ne karon farko da aka kirkiro wani tsari mai girma uku wanda ke aiki kamar katangar kwakwalwar dan adam. Samfurin yana girma ne daga sel da aka samo daga jijiyoyin jikin mutum wanda aka jawo su don haɓakawa azaman nau'in sel na musamman wanda shine tushen shingen kwakwalwa. Sannan an haɗa su a cikin matrix mai girma uku wanda ke aiki kamar sikeli.

Fasahar sake fasalin tantanin halitta, wanda ya fara yin bincike a cikin kwakwalwa ta masu ba da tallafin BBRF da sauran su a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ana kiranta iPSC, wanda ke nufin fasahar “ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayar sel”. Yana da aikace-aikace da yawa a duk faɗin magani, musamman a cikin ƙirƙirar nau'ikan "organoids"-rayayyu, al'adu masu girma uku na sel waɗanda aka haɗa su don sake haɓaka azaman nau'ikan sel musamman ga gabobin jiki daban-daban. Hanya guda mai alƙawarin ci gaba a gwajin miyagun ƙwayoyi da binciken cututtukan cuta shine ƙirƙirar samfuran organoid na gabobin ɗan adam, don tantance inganci da ƙarfin magunguna.

Yayin da masu bincike suka yi gwaji tare da rudimentary brain organoids, sabuwar hanyar sake fasalin tsarin da ke yin aikin katangar kwakwalwar ɗan adam, idan aka haɗa ta cikin ƙwayoyin halittar kwakwalwa, zai kawo kimiyya babban mataki kusa da ƙirƙirar “ƙwaƙƙwaran kwano” wanda ke da aminci. kwafa duka tsarin da aikin ainihin kwakwalwar ɗan adam, ko ɓangarorin su.

Kwafi katangar endothelial a cikin organoids na kwakwalwa yana da mahimmanci, saboda dole ne a kiyaye kwakwalwa daga abubuwan da ke cikin jini.

Katangar-kwakwalwar jini tana haɓaka “leaks” a cikin wasu cututtuka, gami da wasu cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki ciki har da ALS da farfadiya. Har ila yau, ya fi dacewa lokacin da kumburi a cikin jiki ya kai manyan matakai. Wannan yana iya zama hanya ɗaya wanda ƙwayoyin kumburi ke shiga cikin kwakwalwa da rikitar da aikin al'ada, misali a cikin sclerosis da yawa.