Shin Hassada tana kaiwa ga Halayen Ƙiyayya?

Yayin da ake kiran kishi a matsayin “dodo mai koren ido,” ana ganin hassada a matsayin tamer, mafi takwaransa mara laifi. Saboda haka, an ɗan sami ɗan bincike kan illolin hassada. Nazarin da ke wanzu yana ba da shawarar cewa hassada tana da alaƙa da ƙarancin jin daɗin mutum, duk da haka, ƙaramin bincike ya bincika sakamakon kishi tsakanin mutane (Behler, Wall, Bos, & Green, 2020). Behler et al. (2020) don haka ya gudanar da gwaje -gwajen gwaje -gwaje don fahimtar ko hassada na iya haifar da lahani tsakanin mutane. Baya ga nazarin illolin hassada, masu binciken sun kalli godiya, wanda za a iya ɗauka a matsayin kishiyar hassada ganin cewa mai godiya yana yaba abin da ya riga ya samu, alhali mai hassada yana son abin da wasu ke da shi.

Nazarin 1

A cikin binciken farko, masu bincike sun ɗauki samfurin ƙabilanci daban -daban na ɗalibai 143 masu digiri a jami'a a gabar tekun Gabashin Amurka A cikin dakin gwaje -gwaje, mahalarta sun shiga aikin rubutun da aka tsara don haifar da hassada, godiya, ko kuma tsaka tsaki. A cikin yanayin hassada, an gaya wa mahalarta cewa: "Hassada mummunan yanayi ne ko yanayin motsin rai wanda ke haifar da sha'awar samun abin mallaka, nasarori, ko halayen wani don kanku" (shafi na 3). Bayan haka, an umurce su da su yi mintuna 10 suna rubutu game da misalin da suka ji hassada. A cikin yanayin godiya, an gaya wa mahalarta: "Godiya ita ce jin daɗi mai kyau ko yanayin motsin rai wanda ke haifar da gane tushen alheri a cikin wasu da fa'idodin da kuka samu daga wasu" (shafi na 3). Mai kama da yanayin hassada, mahalarta sun rubuta game da misalin da suka ji godiya. A ƙarshe, a cikin yanayin tsaka tsaki, mahalarta sun yi tunani kan “hulɗa ta yau da kullun” tare da mai siyarwa sannan suka rubuta game da yadda suke ji yayin wannan hulɗar.

Bayan aikin rubuce-rubuce, an haɗa mahalarta tare da abokin haɗin gwiwa wanda ya yi imanin za su kammala wani aiki tare. An zaɓi abokin tarayya na jinsi ɗaya kamar yadda mutane ke iya kwatanta kansu da waɗanda suke kama da su. Wannan abokin haɗin gwiwa haƙiƙa ƙwararre ne mai horarwa wanda daga nan “bisa kuskure” ya rushe kofin fensir 30 lokacin da mai gwajin ya fita daga ɗakin. Daga nan sai ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ta ɗauki fensir a hankali kuma ta rubuta fensir nawa mahalarta suka taimaka musu ɗagawa.

Masu binciken sun gano cewa waɗanda aka jawo su don jin kishi sun ɗauki ƙananan fensir (10.36 a matsakaita) idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke cikin godiya (fensir 13.50 a matsakaici) ko tsaka tsaki (13.48 pencils a matsakaita) yanayi. A halin yanzu, waɗanda ke cikin godiya da yanayin tsaka tsaki ba su bambanta da adadin fensir da suka ɗauka ba.

Nazarin 2

A cikin Nazarin 2, masu binciken sun yi nufin fahimtar ko hassada na iya haifar da illa maimakon kawai rashin son taimakawa. Samfura daban -daban na ɗalibai 127 daga jami'a ɗaya kamar na Nazarin 1 sun shigo cikin dakin gwaje -gwaje kuma an sanya su zuwa ɗayan sharuɗɗa uku: hassada, godiya, ko tsaka tsaki. Don jawo motsin rai, masu binciken sun yi amfani da ayyukan rubuce -rubuce iri ɗaya kamar na Nazarin 1 ban da guda ɗaya. Saboda damuwar cewa aikin mai siyarwar na iya haifar da kyakkyawan ji, maimakon haka an nemi ɗaliban da ke cikin yanayin tsaka tsaki su lura da cikakkun bayanan ɗakin da suke ciki kuma su rubuta game da waɗannan cikakkun bayanai.

Bayan haka, mahalarta sun kammala fasalin Tangram Help Hurt Task (Saleem et al., 2015), wasan wuyar warwarewa wanda mahalarta zasu iya taimakawa ko cutar da abokan aikin su. A wannan yanayin, an gaya wa mahalarta cewa su da abokin aikinsu za su zaɓi wasan wasa, daban -daban cikin wahala, ga juna. An kuma sanar da su cewa idan duka biyun suka kammala dukkan abubuwan da aka yi a cikin mintuna 10, kowannensu zai sami ƙarin .25 maki na daraja. Koyaya, idan sun kasa kammala wasannin a cikin mintuna 10, ɗayansu ɗaya, mafi sauri, zai sami ƙarin darasin darasi. Wannan mutumin zai karɓi .5 ƙarin maki ba shakka bashi.

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa mahalarta waɗanda aka jawo su jin kishi sun fi waɗanda ke cikin tsaka -tsakin yanayi ko godiya don sanya wa abokan hulɗarsu abubuwa masu wahala. Wadanda ke cikin yanayin hassada suma sun ba da rahoton babban sha'awar cutar da abokin tarayya (watau niyyar sanya shi wahala a gare su don samun kuɗi) idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke cikin yanayin tsaka tsaki. Sabanin tsammanin, babu banbanci cikin sha'awar cutarwa ga waɗanda ke cikin hassada da yanayin godiya. Abin mamaki kuma, babu wani banbanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ukun a cikin sha'awar taimakon abokin aikin ko kuma ba da saɓani mai sauƙi ga abokin tarayya. Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan rashin bambance -bambance a cikin halayen zamantakewa na iya zama saboda yanayin gasa na yanayin.

Tasiri

A haɗe, waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa hassada na iya sa mutane ba wai kawai su guji taimaka wa wasu ba har ma su cutar da wasu. Abu mai mahimmanci, illolin hulɗa tsakanin mutane yana kaiwa ga waɗanda ba ainihin manufar kishi ba. A cikin wannan binciken, mahalarta sun cutar (ko basu taimaka) cikakken baƙo ba saboda jin kishi.

Binciken ya kuma gano ba zato ba tsammani cewa haifar da godiya ba ta haɓaka halayen zamantakewa ko rage halayen ƙiyayya idan aka kwatanta da yanayin tsaka tsaki. Masu binciken sun yi nuni da cewa ƙididdigar meta-kwanan nan (misali, Dickens, 2017) sun kuma ba da shawarar cewa yayin da ayyukan godiya na iya haɓaka ingantaccen tasirin mutum, ba su da tasiri wajen haɓaka alaƙar mutane. Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa a maimakon haka, ayyukan tabbatar da kai, wanda mutum ke yin la’akari da su waɗanda suka fi mahimmanci a gare su, ana iya amfani da su don hana mutane jin motsin cutarwa na hassada.