Bambance -bambancen Kimiyya

Ofaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da nake gwagwarmaya da su azaman mai binciken bambancin bambancin aiki shine sabon turawa don girman samfuran girma. Wannan, ba shakka, shine haɓaka ƙimarmu gabaɗaya azaman filin kuma tabbatar da cewa tasirin mu koyaushe “na gaske ne”.

A cikin duniyar da ta dace, wannan wani abu ne da duk masu bincike ya kamata su damu da shi yayin zayyana karatu da fassarar sakamakon don tabbatar da cewa ba mu wuce gona da iri fiye da abin da bayananmu na iya gaya mana. Kuma ina so in bayyana a fili cewa na yi imani da samun ingantaccen karatu idan ya yiwu. Yana da mahimmanci ga ilimin mu.

Koyaya, wannan madaidaiciyar duniya har yanzu tana da membobin ƙungiyar marasa rinjaye waɗanda ke da wahalar ɗaukar su. Ba wai kawai ƙananan kabilu musamman suna ɗaukar ƙarin ƙoƙari da lokaci don ɗaukar ma'aikata ba, amma galibi suna kashe ƙarin kuɗi don ɗaukar ma'aikata.

Kwanan nan, na kai ga samun fa'idodi don bincike na na mai da hankali kan ƙungiyoyin ƙabila/ƙabilu daga bangarorin Mechanical Turk Panels da Pantrics - manyan shahararrun albarkatun binciken kan layi waɗanda masu bincike da yawa ke amfani da su don tattara bayanai a duk fannoni. Kudin fararen ɗan takara don nazarin kan layi na mintina 15 ya kusan $ 5.50-6.00, yayin da farashin ɗan takarar ɗan kabilanci (mutumin da ke da iyaye daga asalin launin fata daban-daban, da kuma babban abin da bincike na ya ba ni tunda ni kaina ɗan kabila ne) maimakon zai biya $ 10.00-18.00. Kudin ƙananan kabilu/monoethnic marasa rinjaye irin su Baƙi, Asiya, da Latino mutane daga $ 7.00-9.00, kuma ɗayan kwamitin ya ce ba za ta iya ɗaukar mana samfurin mutane 'yan asalin Amurka 100 ba tunda ba su cikin tsarin su.

Bugu da ƙari, tunda ƙungiyoyin marasa rinjaye sun fi ƙima, lokacin tattara bayanai don kammala binciken da aka bayar shima yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo lokacin da aka yi niyya ga ƙungiyoyin marasa rinjaye, a saman mafi girman kuɗin kuɗi. Abokin aikina Danielle Young a Kwalejin Manhattan ya ce, "Dole ne in bar burina na gaske a cikin nazarin yawan marasa rinjaye saboda ba ni da kuɗin gudanar da wannan binciken daidai da sabon tsammanin daukar ma'aikata. Ina tsammanin irin waɗannan muhimman tambayoyi sun cancanci a bi su da kyau. ” Mu da ke gudanar da nazarin halayyar ɗabi'a ko amfani da wasu hanyoyin cin lokaci kamar hanyoyin dogon lokaci, ɗaukar yara, ko hanyoyin aikin gona suma za su fuskanci irin wannan ƙalubalen.

Tare da wannan sabon turawa akan manyan samfuran samfura, Ina damuwa cewa yawancin ƙungiyoyin marasa rinjaye zasu ɓace a cikin shuffle. Ina kuma damuwa ga ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun digiri, postdocs, da sauran masu bincike na farko-farko kamar ni waɗanda aikinsu ke kan ɗimbin ɗimbin ma'aikata game da yadda za mu ci gaba da bin ƙa'idodin ƙimar bugawa a fagen. Dalilina na rarrabe kimiyya shi ne ya sa na nemi Ph.D. da farko.

Akwai manyan sabbin albarkatu kamar Mai Haɓaka Kimiyyar Ilimin Kimiyya da Haɓaka Nazarin don taimakawa haɗa ƙungiyoyin bincike tare da taimakawa cikin ƙoƙarin kwafin. Amma sau da yawa hakan yana ƙara ƙarin marubuta zuwa takarda, wanda kuma baya taimaka wa mutane masu aiki da wuri wajen yiwa alamarsu 'yancin kai a cikin shirin bincike. Waɗannan sabbin kayan aikin kuma suna ɗaukar lokaci fiye da bincike ba mai da hankali kan ƙungiyoyin da ba a bayyana su ba.

Mu, a matsayin filayen, mun fi dogara da samfuran dacewa (watau kwalejoji a kwalejoji a cibiyoyin karatunmu waɗanda galibi ke samar da samfuran fararen fata), kuma mun ga hauhawar adadin karatun kan layi wanda masu bincike ke gudanarwa don mayar da martani ga wannan motsi don mafi girma samfurori (duba Anderson et al., Takardar 2019 “The Mturkification of Social and Personality Psychology”).

Kuma duk da haka, a lokaci guda, an kuma yi kiran kwanan nan don haɓaka kimiyyar mu (misali, Dunham & Olson, 2016; Gaither, 2018; Kang & Bodenhausen, 2015; Richeson & Sommers, 2016). Waɗannan takardu duk suna jayayya cewa an manta da ƙungiyoyi da yawa da abubuwan da suka faru. Ba wai kawai ɗaukar ma'aikata daga ƙungiyoyin marasa rinjaye yana taimakawa ƙara fahimtar waɗannan al'ummomin ba, amma wannan sanin zai sa kimiyyar mu ta zama abin dogaro ta hanyar sanya ta zama mai wakilci.

A zahiri, akwai ma kira ga takardu don fitowar ta musamman daga mujallar Bambancin Al'adu da Ilimin Ilimin Ƙananan Ƙabilanci (CDEMP) mai da hankali kan sabunta da'awar da ta samo asali daga takaddar babban taron Victoria Plaut 2010 "Kimiyyar Daban -Daban: Me yasa da Yadda Bambancin ke Bambanci" wanda ya ƙaddamar da dabarun kimiyya daban -daban a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa CDEMP jarida ce da ta mai da hankali musamman kan gogewar 'yan tsiraru don haka ake ɗaukarta "mujallar" ta musamman.

Dokta Veronica Benet-Martinez, Cibiyar Nazarin Cataloniya don Bincike da Babban Darakta a Jami'ar Pompeu Fabra, ta ce a cikin Babban Taron Shugaban ƙasa a lokacin Society for Personality da Social Psychology Conference (wani taron ilimin halayyar dan adam na duniya), "Waɗanda daga cikin ku ke karatu ƙungiyoyin da ba su da wakilci, na tabbata an gaya muku bincikenku yana da kyau amma ya kamata ya je ga mujallar da aka kafa marasa rinjaye. Amma me yasa? Ba mu da mujallu masu daidaituwa na Turai. Editocin suna buƙatar sanin hakan. ”

Hakazalika, a Babban Taron Illinois kan Bambanci a Kimiyyar Ilimin halin ɗabi'a, masu ba da shawara sun tattauna buƙatar yin la'akari da bayar da bajimin bambancin a kan wallafe-wallafe ban da sabon kimiyyar buɗe ido da bajimin rajista a matsayin wata hanya ta samun lada da amincewa da aikin da ya bambanta.

A takaice, kimiyyar bambancin ya kamata a gani kawai kimiyya . Kuma kamar yadda Amy Slaton na Jami'ar Drexel ta faɗi da kyau a cikin rubutunta, "Munyi la'akari da irin wannan ra'ayin: Matsalar binciken da aka yi akan ƙananan jama'a a cikin bincike kan adalci. Duk abin da ya samo asali ko kuma a bayyane yake (ko a'a) asalin akidarsa, watsi da ƙaramin n 'Yawan jama'a marasa ma'ana suna sake haifar da ɗimbin ɗalibai. Hakanan yana jefa abubuwan ɗan adam na musamman a matsayin marasa ƙarfi ta hanyar ƙarancin ilimin lissafi. Amma mafi zurfin zurfi, ma'anar masu bincike kan ƙarami ko babba ' n s 'yana sake maimaita ƙima ko larura don ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa (faɗi, rarrabuwa na launin fata, ko binary na iyawa da nakasa), yayin da a maimakon haka mun yi imanin cewa tunani mai mahimmanci akan nau'ikan ya zama dole ga kowane adireshin iko da gata. ”

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