Littafin Mai Tursasawa Yana Nuna Gaskiyar Sadarwar 3

Littafin da ya dace zai iya ba mu sha’awa, ba da labari, ko nishadantar da mu. Edwidge Danticat Komai Ciki (Knopf, 2019), tarin gajerun labarai guda takwas, abin burgewa yana yin duka ukun. Bugu da ƙari, wannan littafin, wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta Circle Award of the Book, yana haskaka gaskiyar tunani guda uku game da alaƙar da ke da ƙarfi fiye da yawancin binciken da aka yi.

Kowane lu'u -lu'u a cikin tarin yana bayanin takamaiman abin da ya faru wanda ke haskaka haske kan yadda muke buƙatar bayar da ƙauna ga wasu, ƙimar bayarwa da ta fi ta karɓa, da kuma rashin tabbas na ciwo da asara saboda mahimmancin gaskiya na rashin dawwama.

Littafin Danticat ba shi da daɗi musamman - amma, to, ba rayuwa kuma idan aka cika ta. Mutanen da ke cikin labarinta suna motsawa ta hanyar alaƙar su da sadaukarwa (alal misali, “Dosas”), ƙoƙarin cin amanar cin amana da laifi a kan matar aure da mutuwar yaro (“Kyautar”), ko binciko zafin musamman na buɗe zuciya da ganowa. da kansa ya ci zarafi ko akasin haka (“The Port-au-Prince Marriage Special”). A cikin wani labarin ("A cikin Tsoffin Zamani"), haɗin da ba a iya gani, yana ɗokin haɗuwa da fatalwa, cikin rashin sani yana rikitar da motsawar mace wacce ba ta taɓa sanin mahaifinta ba. A wani kuma, macen da abotar ƙuruciyarta ta kasance hanyar rayuwa ("Labarun Bakwai") tana manne da abin da ke wakiltar aminci. Kuna samun ra'ayin. Duk labaran suna da rikitarwa, suna kwatanta gaskiyar dangantaka fiye da ɗaya.

Mutanen da ke cikin duk labaran suna da alaƙa da Haiti, kodayake saitunan suna daga Brooklyn zuwa Miami zuwa Port-au-Prince zuwa tsibirin da ba a san ko su wanene ba. Tarihinsu ya sha bamban na ilimi da matakan tattalin arziki, shekaru daga ƙuruciya zuwa tabin hankali, ƙaunar soyayya daga abota zuwa zina. Ƙauna tana samuwa a cikin dangin ƙuruciya, alaƙar dangi, alaƙar soyayya a ciki da waje ba tare da aure ba, har ma tsakanin mai gida da ma'aikacin ta. Dangantaka ta haye ƙasa, tsararraki, tsawon lokaci. Amma jigogin tunani guda uku marasa iyaka suna gudana cikin labaran.

Muna buƙatar ƙauna da bayarwa. Ikon zuciyar ɗan adam na yanke shawara kai tsaye ba shi da tabbas a cikin waɗannan labaran. Sha'awar kula da wani mutum yana motsa haruffa don shiga cikin yanayin da aka ci amanar su, wanda wani masoyi ya bar wani don neman makaranta ga yara mabukata, ko kuma a cikin yanayin da mutum ya ɗauki matsayin uba na maye, a matsayin misalai. Shekaru da yawa na bincike na hankali yana nuna buƙatar haɗe -haɗe tare da fa'idodin da ake samu daga alaƙa ta kusa lokacin da haɗin ke da aminci. (Dubi bayanin Simpson da Rholes, a ƙasa.)

Bayarwa ta fi karbuwa. Labaru da yawa suna nuna iyakar yadda mutane ke nuna ƙauna ta hanyar

ba da son kai ga wani, kamar kwaleji na farko wanda ya amsa buƙatun mahaifin abokin zama kuma ya zarce yankin ta'aziyya don roƙon abokiyar zama mai sonta ta koma makaranta, ko mahaifiyar da ta tsufa da ke son ɗiyarta ta iya fahimtar abubuwan farin ciki na sadaukarwa ga jariri. Hatta matar da ta mallaki otel ba tare da son kai ba ta isa ta kula da ma'aikacin da ke cikin bukata. Littattafan tunani na farko a kan altruism sun rubuta fa'idodin bayarwa wanda ya zarce na karɓa. Kwanan nan, bincike kan karimci, sanannen maudu'i a cikin ilimin halin ɗabi'a mai kyau, ya nuna mahimmancin samun damar ba da wani abu da ake ganin yana da ƙima ga wasu. Ƙaunar altruistic, wacce aka yi wa lakabi da "agape," an bincika ta a cikin adabi daga na ruhaniya zuwa prosaic, a cikin duka ka'idojin nazari da tabbaci.

Rashin makawa da zafin asara. Duk cikin labarun cikin Komai Ciki , mai karatu

ya gamu da rashin hasara. Ana canza rayuka har abada, ko ta hanyar mutuwar halitta, hatsari, watsi, rashin lafiya, ko kisan kai. Zafin da ke ratsa ta cikin duk waɗannan manyan duwatsu masu tamani guda takwas suna fitowa daga ƙarshe daga rashin mutunci, tare da baƙin cikin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba wanda dole ne mutum ya ƙaunace shi. Duk da haka haɗe -haɗe koyaushe suna da ƙimar farashin da dole ne a biya lokacin da ake asarar asarar su.

Labarun Danticat, waɗanda aka rubuta da murya mai ƙarfi da ban mamaki “sahihanci,” suna hidimar haskaka zuciyar ƙauna, daga buƙatarmu mai ƙarfi don ƙauna, zuwa karimcin ruhin da ke motsawa, zuwa ƙarshen gaskiyar ɗan adam na makoki kuma, da fatan, juriyarmu da bunƙasar hikimar da muke samu yayin fuskantar hasara. Ina ba da shawarar su azaman fifikon zama ɗan adam a cikin duniyar alaƙa.

Hakkin mallakar hoto 2020 Roni Beth Tower.

Simpson, JA & Rholes, WS (1998) Ka'idar Haɗawa da Kusa da Dangi. Guilford Press: New York.