Brain Edema: Nau'i, Alamomi, Sanadin da Jiyya

Wadatacce

• Wannan haɗarin kwakwalwa yana bayyana lokacin da ruwa ya cika sassan kwakwalwar da ta fi.
• Bayyana manufar edema
• Brain edema: manyan alamu
• Ire -iren kumburin kwakwalwa
• 1. Cytotoxic edema
• 2. Vasogenic edema
• 3. Hydrocephalic ko interstitial edema
• Dalili mai yiwuwa
• 1. Raunin kai
• 2. bugun jini
• 3. Cutar kwayar cutar ko kwayan cuta
• 4. Ciwon daji
• 5. Hypoxia da aka samu daga tsayi
• 6. Hyponatremia
• 7. Shan giya
• Jiyya

Wannan haɗarin kwakwalwa yana bayyana lokacin da ruwa ya cika sassan kwakwalwar da ta fi.

Idan wani ya gaya mana cewa suna riƙe da ruwa, wataƙila muna tunanin mutumin da ke da kumburi da kumburin ƙafa ko wani sashi na jiki. An ce ta wannan hanyar, yana iya zama kamar ba shi da mahimmanci, mai sauƙin magancewa kuma hakan da wuya ya zama abin tashin hankali, kamar yadda a zahiri yake a lokuta da yawa. Koyaya, wannan riƙewar ruwa ko kumburi na iya zama mai haɗari sosai dangane da inda yake faruwa. Domin samun ruwa a kafafu ko idon sawu ba daidai yake da samun shi a gabobi kamar huhu ba.

Daya daga cikin mawuyacin hali da hatsarin da ka iya faruwa a wannan fanni shine kasancewar kumburin kwakwalwa, wanda kan iya zama sanadin mutuwa.

Bayyana manufar edema

Kafin magana game da kumburin kwakwalwa da kansa, ya zama dole mu fara fahimtar abin da muke nufi lokacin da muke magana game da kalmar edema. An fahimci haka wanzuwar kumburi ko kumburi na kyallen takarda masu taushi saboda tarin ruwa a ko tsakanin selinsa, saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin adadin ruwan da ke fita ko shiga cikin sel.

Wannan kumburin na iya samun dalilai iri -iri kuma ana iya samunsa a kusan kowane nau'in kyallen takarda masu taushi a cikin jiki, kuma yana iya samun tasirin sakamako daban -daban dangane da nau'in nama da abin ya shafa.

Brain edema: manyan alamu

Ofaya daga cikin wuraren da edema na iya faruwa, har ma da mafi haɗari, yana cikin ƙwayar kwakwalwa. A cikin kumburin kwakwalwa, muna samun karuwa da tara ruwa tsakanin sel kwakwalwa wanda ke haifar da kumburi na isasshen girma don haifar da alamun asibiti.

Wannan kumburin yana da mahimmanci a wannan yanayin saboda kwakwalwa ba ta yin iyo a cikin wani wuri, amma yana kewaye da tsarin kasusuwa wanda ke kare shi amma kuma yana iyakance shi: kwanyar. Tarin ruwan zai iya haifar da matsewar kwakwalwa a jikin bangon kwakwalwa, wanda zai iya haifar da neurons ya mutu.

Haka kuma, shi yana ƙaruwa ƙimar matsa lamba intracranial ta rashin kiyaye daidaiton ma'aunin lantarki, wanda kuma yana iya canzawa da haifar da lalacewar sel. A ƙarshe, matsawa na iya shafar jijiyoyin jini, yana hana iskar oxygen isa wasu yankunan kwakwalwa kuma yana ƙarewa cikin nutsewa.

Dangane da yankunan kwakwalwa da aka matsa, alamun na iya bambanta ƙwarai. Gabaɗaya, dizziness, gajiya da rauni yana bayyana, gami da yuwuwar canji a matakin sani, ciwon kai, alamun ciki kamar tashin zuciya da / ko amai ko rikicewar hankali. Numfashi na iya hanzarta kuma fargaba na iya bayyana.

Dangane da canje -canje a cikin sani, a cikin matsanancin hali coma mai haƙuri ko ma mutuwa na iya haifar idan an matsa guntun da ke da alhakin kula da zuciya da bugun numfashi. A wasu lokuta yana iya haifar da herniation na kwakwalwa ko asarar dindindin na ayyuka masu dacewa.

Baya ga waɗannan alamun, kasancewar kumburin kwakwalwa na iya haifar da mutuwa ko bayyanar wasu nau'in naƙasasshen jiki, na hankali ko na azanci, wanda zai iya canza aikin mutum na yau da kullun, na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin.

Ire -iren kumburin kwakwalwa

Babu wani nau'in kumburin kwakwalwa, amma zamu iya samun nau'ikan daban -daban dangane da inda kuma me yasa rashin daidaituwa da tara ruwa ke faruwa. Kuma shine ruwan zai iya tarawa a cikin sel da kuma cikin sararin samaniya.

1. Cytotoxic edema

A cikin wannan nau'in edema, kumburin yana faruwa lokacin da ruwa ya tara a cikin sel da kansu, bayan sun kama wani abu mai wuce haddi na yawan ruwan da ke tsakaninsu. Gabaɗaya ana samar da shi ta hanyar rashin aikin famfon sodium / potassium da tashoshin da ruwa ke shiga da barin sel. Muna fuskantar matsala na tsari na metabolism na salula da kuma kula da homeostasis. Amfani da wasu sinadarai masu guba na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin sanadin sa.

2. Vasogenic edema

Edema da ke faruwa sakamakon karuwar tsarin jijiyoyin jiki, saboda lalacewar shingen kwakwalwar jini, ana ɗaukar hakan. Gabaɗaya mun sami hakan Plasma ta jini ta shiga cikin parenchyma ko sararin samaniya wanda ke kewaye da ƙwayoyin jijiya kuma yana tarawa a cikinsa. Ita ce mafi yawan nau'in kumburin kwakwalwa. Ciwon daji, bugun jini, da raunin kai sun kasance wasu daga cikin sanadin sa.

3. Hydrocephalic ko interstitial edema

Edema ya samo asali ta hanyar toshe tashoshin da ruwan cerebrospinal ke zagayawa, wanda ke haifar da kumburin mahaifa ko wuraren da ke kusa da wurin da aka toshe. Yana bayyana a cikin hydrocephalus.

Dalili mai yiwuwa

Akwai adadi mai yawa na yiwuwar haddasa samuwar kumburin kwakwalwa. Wasu daga cikin mafi yawan lokuta sune masu zuwa.

1. Raunin kai

Theaya daga cikin dalilan da za a iya samun sauƙin ganewa shine wanda ke da alaƙa da wanzuwar rauni a kai. Wannan bugu yana haifar da karyewar jijiyoyin jini, ambaliyar kwakwalwa da jini. Lokacin ƙoƙarin sha ruwan da ya wuce kima, ƙwayoyin za su yi kumburi.

2. bugun jini

Kasancewar zub da jini ko toshewar tsarin jijiyoyin jini na ɗaya daga cikin sanannun sanadin kumburin kwakwalwa. Kuma shi ne cewa waɗannan haɗarin za su haifar da ko dai ruwan da aka kwarara kai tsaye cikin kwakwalwa ko kuma ƙwayoyin jijiya za su mutu su karye, suna haifar da tara ruwa.

3. Cutar kwayar cutar ko kwayan cuta

Wata mawuyacin dalilin kumburin kwakwalwa za a iya samu a wanzuwar kamuwa da cuta. Kwayoyin sun lalace kuma sun fashe, ragowar su na haifar da rashin daidaituwa a matakin ruwan kwakwalwa. A cikin wannan rukunin sabubban mun sami cututtuka daban -daban, daga cutar sankarau zuwa ciwon Reye.

4. Ciwon daji

Bayyanar neoplasms, zama marasa kyau ko m, na iya haifar da matsewar magudanan jini ko toshe magudanan ruwa na cerebrospinal, wanda zai iya haifar da bayyanar tarin ruwa a wasu sassan kwakwalwa.

5. Hypoxia da aka samu daga tsayi

Irin wannan edema yana faruwa a cikin batutuwa kamar masu hawan dutse da masu rarrafe. Babban dalilin shine wanzuwar sauye -sauyen kwatsam a matsin lamba na yanayi ta fuskar saurin tashi . .

6. Hyponatremia

Cutar da ke faruwa idan babu isasshen matakin sodium a cikin jini, wanda jiki ke ƙoƙarin ramawa ta hanyar haifar da haɓaka shigar ruwa cikin sel.

7. Shan giya

Cin guba ko guba na iya haifar da canje -canje a cikin tsarin juyayi wanda ke haifar da wanzuwar rashin daidaituwa a cikin matakan intra ko extracellular fluid.

Jiyya

Maganin kumburin kwakwalwa yana da mahimmanci kuma yana buƙatar ɗaukar ƙwararrun ƙwararru don guje wa mutuwa ko bayyanar lalacewar da ba za a iya gyara ta ga mai haƙuri ba.

Mataki na farko da yakamata a yi amfani da shi shine kawar da tarin ruwa da rage kumburi, yana da mahimmanci don lura da mahimman alamu a kowane lokaci. Hanyoyin numfashi na wucin gadi na iya zama dole don kula da isasshen isasshen iskar oxygen.

A cikin yanayin da rayuwar mai haƙuri ke cikin haɗari, galibi ana amfani da tiyata don sarrafa matakin kumburi ta hanyar zubar da ruwa, ko sake fasalin wani ɓangaren kwanyar don sauƙaƙe da rage matsin lamba na intracranial. Da zarar an kwantar da mai haƙuri, ya zama dole a bincika abin da ya haifar da matsalar don magance musabbabin ta.

Hakanan, an tabbatar da hakan shigar da hyperventilation mai sarrafawa yana rage samuwar kumburin kwakwalwa. Koyaya, dole ne a sarrafa shi sosai, tunda ya danganta da nawa da tsawon lokacin da aka yi shi, yana iya yin illa mai illa sosai.

Duka a cikin wannan kuma a wasu lokutan da ba a amfani da tiyata, amfani da magunguna daban -daban ya zama ruwan dare. Misali, aikace -aikacen corticosteroids yana da yawa a ciki don rage matakin matsin lamba a cikin waɗannan lokuta inda matsalar ba ta cytotoxic ko hemorrhagic asalin. Hakanan ana iya amfani da osmotics da diuretics don sauƙaƙe fitar da ruwa.